Magnitude and risk factors of khat, alcohol and cigarettes use among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Background The use of khat, alcohol, and cigarettes during pregnancy is a serious public health problem associated with harmful outcomes for the fetus and the mother’s health. Studies that investigated khat, alcohol, and cigarettes usage during pregnancy yielded varied and contradictory res...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06999-7 |
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| author | Biruk Wogayehu Tsegaye Demissie Mekuriaw Alemayehu Eskinder Wolka Kassa Daka |
| author_facet | Biruk Wogayehu Tsegaye Demissie Mekuriaw Alemayehu Eskinder Wolka Kassa Daka |
| author_sort | Biruk Wogayehu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The use of khat, alcohol, and cigarettes during pregnancy is a serious public health problem associated with harmful outcomes for the fetus and the mother’s health. Studies that investigated khat, alcohol, and cigarettes usage during pregnancy yielded varied and contradictory results. This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of khat, alcohol, and cigarettes use among pregnant women in Africa. Methods A review of eligible studies was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. This review has been registered in PROSPERO with protocol ID CRD42021289074. Literature published in English from January 1, 2002 to November 30, 2021 was retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, HINARI, African Journal Online, and Science Direct databases. The quality of included articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. The I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q test were used to assess the presence of heterogeneity between studies. To assess publication bias, a funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were utilized. The random effect model was used to estimate the summary prevalence and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of risk factors for khat, alcohol, and cigarettes use. Results Out of the 1509 studies identified, 71 met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of khat chewing, alcohol drinking, active smoking, and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy was 18.93%, 22.20%, 11.85%, and 43.45%, respectively. The subgroup analysis by UN sub-region showed the highest pooled prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy in Middle Africa (25.69%) and the lowest in Northern Africa (1.10%). Several factors were identified as risk factors for alcohol use, including low educational level, younger age women, pre-pregnancy alcohol use, unplanned pregnancy, history of abortion, poor social support, mental distress, poor knowledge on alcohol risks, and partner alcohol use. Conclusion This review indicated that the pooled magnitude of khat, alcohol and cigarette use during pregnancy was higher in Africa. Substance use screening and brief interventions (SBI) should be routinely delivered in antenatal care settings to reduce pregnant women’s substance use. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6d4e1a236b3d4e5e97085bdcc5fb479b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2393 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| spelling | doaj-art-6d4e1a236b3d4e5e97085bdcc5fb479b2025-08-20T02:38:40ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932024-11-0124111710.1186/s12884-024-06999-7Magnitude and risk factors of khat, alcohol and cigarettes use among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysisBiruk Wogayehu0Tsegaye Demissie1Mekuriaw Alemayehu2Eskinder Wolka3Kassa Daka4Department of Public Health, Arbaminch College of Health SciencesSchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo UniversityInstitute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarSchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo UniversitySchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo UniversityAbstract Background The use of khat, alcohol, and cigarettes during pregnancy is a serious public health problem associated with harmful outcomes for the fetus and the mother’s health. Studies that investigated khat, alcohol, and cigarettes usage during pregnancy yielded varied and contradictory results. This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of khat, alcohol, and cigarettes use among pregnant women in Africa. Methods A review of eligible studies was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. This review has been registered in PROSPERO with protocol ID CRD42021289074. Literature published in English from January 1, 2002 to November 30, 2021 was retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, HINARI, African Journal Online, and Science Direct databases. The quality of included articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. The I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q test were used to assess the presence of heterogeneity between studies. To assess publication bias, a funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were utilized. The random effect model was used to estimate the summary prevalence and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of risk factors for khat, alcohol, and cigarettes use. Results Out of the 1509 studies identified, 71 met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of khat chewing, alcohol drinking, active smoking, and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy was 18.93%, 22.20%, 11.85%, and 43.45%, respectively. The subgroup analysis by UN sub-region showed the highest pooled prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy in Middle Africa (25.69%) and the lowest in Northern Africa (1.10%). Several factors were identified as risk factors for alcohol use, including low educational level, younger age women, pre-pregnancy alcohol use, unplanned pregnancy, history of abortion, poor social support, mental distress, poor knowledge on alcohol risks, and partner alcohol use. Conclusion This review indicated that the pooled magnitude of khat, alcohol and cigarette use during pregnancy was higher in Africa. Substance use screening and brief interventions (SBI) should be routinely delivered in antenatal care settings to reduce pregnant women’s substance use.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06999-7KhatAlcoholCigarettePregnancySystematic review and meta-analysisAfrica |
| spellingShingle | Biruk Wogayehu Tsegaye Demissie Mekuriaw Alemayehu Eskinder Wolka Kassa Daka Magnitude and risk factors of khat, alcohol and cigarettes use among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Khat Alcohol Cigarette Pregnancy Systematic review and meta-analysis Africa |
| title | Magnitude and risk factors of khat, alcohol and cigarettes use among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Magnitude and risk factors of khat, alcohol and cigarettes use among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Magnitude and risk factors of khat, alcohol and cigarettes use among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnitude and risk factors of khat, alcohol and cigarettes use among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Magnitude and risk factors of khat, alcohol and cigarettes use among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | magnitude and risk factors of khat alcohol and cigarettes use among pregnant women in africa a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Khat Alcohol Cigarette Pregnancy Systematic review and meta-analysis Africa |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06999-7 |
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