Tramadol Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: Histological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Biochemical Genetic Experimental Study
Tramadol is a synthetic, centrally acting analgesic. It is the most consumed narcotic drug that is prescribed in the world. Tramadol abuse has dramatically increased in Egypt. Long term use of tramadol can induce endocrinopathy. So, the aim of this study was to analyze the adrenal insufficiency indu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Toxicology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9815853 |
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| author | Shereen Abdelhakim Abdelaleem Osama A. Hassan Rasha F. Ahmed Nagwa M. Zenhom Rehab A. Rifaai Nashwa F. El-Tahawy |
| author_facet | Shereen Abdelhakim Abdelaleem Osama A. Hassan Rasha F. Ahmed Nagwa M. Zenhom Rehab A. Rifaai Nashwa F. El-Tahawy |
| author_sort | Shereen Abdelhakim Abdelaleem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tramadol is a synthetic, centrally acting analgesic. It is the most consumed narcotic drug that is prescribed in the world. Tramadol abuse has dramatically increased in Egypt. Long term use of tramadol can induce endocrinopathy. So, the aim of this study was to analyze the adrenal insufficiency induced by long term use of tramadol in experimental animals and also to assess its withdrawal effects through histopathological and biochemical genetic study. Forty male albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into 4 groups (control group, tramadol-treated group, and withdrawal groups). Tramadol was given to albino rats at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight for 3 months and after withdrawal periods (7–15 days) rats were sacrificed. Long term use of tramadol induced severe histopathological changes in adrenal glands. Tramadol decreased the levels of serum cortisol and DHEAS hormones. In addition, it increased the level of adrenal MDA and decreased the genetic expression of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase in adrenal gland tissues. All these changes started to return to normal after withdrawal of tramadol. Thus, it was confirmed that long term use of tramadol can induce severe adrenal insufficiency. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6c7e86bd37134ffa9669e16b14603ae2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8191 1687-8205 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Toxicology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6c7e86bd37134ffa9669e16b14603ae22025-02-03T01:02:24ZengWileyJournal of Toxicology1687-81911687-82052017-01-01201710.1155/2017/98158539815853Tramadol Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: Histological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Biochemical Genetic Experimental StudyShereen Abdelhakim Abdelaleem0Osama A. Hassan1Rasha F. Ahmed2Nagwa M. Zenhom3Rehab A. Rifaai4Nashwa F. El-Tahawy5Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, EgyptForensic Medicine & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, EgyptBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, EgyptBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, EgyptHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, EgyptHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, EgyptTramadol is a synthetic, centrally acting analgesic. It is the most consumed narcotic drug that is prescribed in the world. Tramadol abuse has dramatically increased in Egypt. Long term use of tramadol can induce endocrinopathy. So, the aim of this study was to analyze the adrenal insufficiency induced by long term use of tramadol in experimental animals and also to assess its withdrawal effects through histopathological and biochemical genetic study. Forty male albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into 4 groups (control group, tramadol-treated group, and withdrawal groups). Tramadol was given to albino rats at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight for 3 months and after withdrawal periods (7–15 days) rats were sacrificed. Long term use of tramadol induced severe histopathological changes in adrenal glands. Tramadol decreased the levels of serum cortisol and DHEAS hormones. In addition, it increased the level of adrenal MDA and decreased the genetic expression of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase in adrenal gland tissues. All these changes started to return to normal after withdrawal of tramadol. Thus, it was confirmed that long term use of tramadol can induce severe adrenal insufficiency.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9815853 |
| spellingShingle | Shereen Abdelhakim Abdelaleem Osama A. Hassan Rasha F. Ahmed Nagwa M. Zenhom Rehab A. Rifaai Nashwa F. El-Tahawy Tramadol Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: Histological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Biochemical Genetic Experimental Study Journal of Toxicology |
| title | Tramadol Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: Histological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Biochemical Genetic Experimental Study |
| title_full | Tramadol Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: Histological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Biochemical Genetic Experimental Study |
| title_fullStr | Tramadol Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: Histological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Biochemical Genetic Experimental Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tramadol Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: Histological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Biochemical Genetic Experimental Study |
| title_short | Tramadol Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: Histological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Biochemical Genetic Experimental Study |
| title_sort | tramadol induced adrenal insufficiency histological immunohistochemical ultrastructural and biochemical genetic experimental study |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9815853 |
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