Colorimetric Detection of Dopamine Based on Peroxidase-like Activity of β-CD Functionalized AuNPs
Catalytically active nanomaterials, or nanozymes, have gained significant attention as alternatives to natural enzymes due to their low cost, ease of preparation, and enhanced stability. Because of easy preparation, excellent biocompatibility, and unique optoelectronic properties, gold nanoparticles...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| author | Sara Anderson Hamish Shepherd Kiran Boggavarapu Janak Paudyal |
| author_facet | Sara Anderson Hamish Shepherd Kiran Boggavarapu Janak Paudyal |
| author_sort | Sara Anderson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Catalytically active nanomaterials, or nanozymes, have gained significant attention as alternatives to natural enzymes due to their low cost, ease of preparation, and enhanced stability. Because of easy preparation, excellent biocompatibility, and unique optoelectronic properties, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted increasing attention in many fields, including nanozymes. In this work, we demonstrated the applicability of beta-cyclodextrin functionalized gold nanoparticles (β-CD-AuNPs) as enzyme mimics for different substances, including TMB and DA. We found that β-CD-AuNPs can catalyze the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-mediated oxidation of DA. The dopamine signal-off sensor was developed by taking advantage of the peroxidase-like activity of β-CD-AuNPs towards TMB and DA, where both 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and dopamine (DA) may compete for the binding sites with β-CD-AuNPs. As a result, the presence of dopamine can be detected even through the naked eye (up to the concentration of 3.75 µM) and using a spectrophotometer (up to the concentration of 1.0 µM) by monitoring the disappearance of the blue color of the oxidized form of TMB in the presence of dopamine. Furthermore, no obvious disappearance of color was observed at lower concentrations of interferences including ascorbic and uric acid. Given the versatility of cyclodextrin to host large numbers of analyte molecules, we envision that a similar principle can be applied for the detection of other analyte molecules of biological, medical, and environmental significance. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6c71aca6d9fa41cd8f6598bf4edecc6b2025-01-24T13:43:59ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-01-0130242310.3390/molecules30020423Colorimetric Detection of Dopamine Based on Peroxidase-like Activity of β-CD Functionalized AuNPsSara Anderson0Hamish Shepherd1Kiran Boggavarapu2Janak Paudyal3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USADepartment of Chemistry and Physics, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, LA 70605, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USACatalytically active nanomaterials, or nanozymes, have gained significant attention as alternatives to natural enzymes due to their low cost, ease of preparation, and enhanced stability. Because of easy preparation, excellent biocompatibility, and unique optoelectronic properties, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted increasing attention in many fields, including nanozymes. In this work, we demonstrated the applicability of beta-cyclodextrin functionalized gold nanoparticles (β-CD-AuNPs) as enzyme mimics for different substances, including TMB and DA. We found that β-CD-AuNPs can catalyze the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-mediated oxidation of DA. The dopamine signal-off sensor was developed by taking advantage of the peroxidase-like activity of β-CD-AuNPs towards TMB and DA, where both 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and dopamine (DA) may compete for the binding sites with β-CD-AuNPs. As a result, the presence of dopamine can be detected even through the naked eye (up to the concentration of 3.75 µM) and using a spectrophotometer (up to the concentration of 1.0 µM) by monitoring the disappearance of the blue color of the oxidized form of TMB in the presence of dopamine. Furthermore, no obvious disappearance of color was observed at lower concentrations of interferences including ascorbic and uric acid. Given the versatility of cyclodextrin to host large numbers of analyte molecules, we envision that a similar principle can be applied for the detection of other analyte molecules of biological, medical, and environmental significance.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/423functionalized gold nanoparticlesβ-cyclodextrindopaminenanozymecolorimetric assaysensor |
| spellingShingle | Sara Anderson Hamish Shepherd Kiran Boggavarapu Janak Paudyal Colorimetric Detection of Dopamine Based on Peroxidase-like Activity of β-CD Functionalized AuNPs Molecules functionalized gold nanoparticles β-cyclodextrin dopamine nanozyme colorimetric assay sensor |
| title | Colorimetric Detection of Dopamine Based on Peroxidase-like Activity of β-CD Functionalized AuNPs |
| title_full | Colorimetric Detection of Dopamine Based on Peroxidase-like Activity of β-CD Functionalized AuNPs |
| title_fullStr | Colorimetric Detection of Dopamine Based on Peroxidase-like Activity of β-CD Functionalized AuNPs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Colorimetric Detection of Dopamine Based on Peroxidase-like Activity of β-CD Functionalized AuNPs |
| title_short | Colorimetric Detection of Dopamine Based on Peroxidase-like Activity of β-CD Functionalized AuNPs |
| title_sort | colorimetric detection of dopamine based on peroxidase like activity of β cd functionalized aunps |
| topic | functionalized gold nanoparticles β-cyclodextrin dopamine nanozyme colorimetric assay sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/423 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT saraanderson colorimetricdetectionofdopaminebasedonperoxidaselikeactivityofbcdfunctionalizedaunps AT hamishshepherd colorimetricdetectionofdopaminebasedonperoxidaselikeactivityofbcdfunctionalizedaunps AT kiranboggavarapu colorimetricdetectionofdopaminebasedonperoxidaselikeactivityofbcdfunctionalizedaunps AT janakpaudyal colorimetricdetectionofdopaminebasedonperoxidaselikeactivityofbcdfunctionalizedaunps |