Minimally invasive ultrasound-guided biopsy of the common extensor tendon enthesis: a cadaveric study to standardise the technique

Objective To develop and validate a minimally invasive ultrasound (US)-guided biopsy technique to collect entheseal tissue from the common extensor tendon (CET) enthesis at the lateral humeral epicondyle.Methods Seven sonographers performed a US examination of the CET on six human cadaveric upper li...

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Main Authors: Ingrid Moller, Georg Schett, Andreas Ramming, Giuliana Guggino, Stefano Alivernini, Pietro Rubortone, Carlo Tur, Enrico De Lorenzis, Beatrice Belmonte, Maria Antonietta D’Agostino, Maria Gabriella Raimondo, Chiara Rizzo, Marco Maria Lizzio, Luis Coronel, Maribel Miguel Perez, Valeria Cancila
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-04-01
Series:RMD Open
Online Access:https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/11/2/e005328.full
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author Ingrid Moller
Georg Schett
Andreas Ramming
Giuliana Guggino
Stefano Alivernini
Pietro Rubortone
Carlo Tur
Enrico De Lorenzis
Beatrice Belmonte
Maria Antonietta D’Agostino
Maria Gabriella Raimondo
Chiara Rizzo
Marco Maria Lizzio
Luis Coronel
Maribel Miguel Perez
Valeria Cancila
author_facet Ingrid Moller
Georg Schett
Andreas Ramming
Giuliana Guggino
Stefano Alivernini
Pietro Rubortone
Carlo Tur
Enrico De Lorenzis
Beatrice Belmonte
Maria Antonietta D’Agostino
Maria Gabriella Raimondo
Chiara Rizzo
Marco Maria Lizzio
Luis Coronel
Maribel Miguel Perez
Valeria Cancila
author_sort Ingrid Moller
collection DOAJ
description Objective To develop and validate a minimally invasive ultrasound (US)-guided biopsy technique to collect entheseal tissue from the common extensor tendon (CET) enthesis at the lateral humeral epicondyle.Methods Seven sonographers performed a US examination of the CET on six human cadaveric upper limbs to locate the enthesis using an anatomical landmark-based approach. An adapted mini-arthroscopic system was introduced under US guidance to the target site for sample collection. At the end of the procedure, a dye was injected through the guide needle, followed by dissection, to confirm the sampling location. Histology and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to assess the quality and representativeness of the samples. The reliability of the procedure among operators was evaluated by analysing the rate of successful sampling.Results 24 samples were collected. The target site to be biopsied was identified as the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis component of the CET. On dissection, the stain used to verify sampling accuracy was confirmed within the defined target area, with no damage to adjacent structures. Histology and immunohistochemistry indicated that most of the samples exhibited characteristics consistent with entheseal tissue (21 out of 24). All participants identified the CET and successfully completed the procedure, demonstrating reliable sample quality across operators.Conclusion We developed a landmark-based approach to perform a minimally invasive full controlled US-guided biopsy of the CET enthesis that showed to be feasible and reproducible. We believe that this standardised, minimally invasive technique will widespread a reliable collection of entheseal tissue for future clinical and translational studies.
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spelling doaj-art-6c700bdb86254de3a3d7293a8564e41b2025-08-20T03:59:36ZengBMJ Publishing GroupRMD Open2056-59332025-04-0111210.1136/rmdopen-2024-005328Minimally invasive ultrasound-guided biopsy of the common extensor tendon enthesis: a cadaveric study to standardise the techniqueIngrid Moller0Georg Schett1Andreas Ramming2Giuliana Guggino3Stefano Alivernini4Pietro Rubortone5Carlo Tur6Enrico De Lorenzis7Beatrice Belmonte8Maria Antonietta D’Agostino9Maria Gabriella Raimondo10Chiara Rizzo11Marco Maria Lizzio12Luis Coronel13Maribel Miguel Perez14Valeria Cancila15Instituto Poal de Reumatología, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology section - “P. Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Aging Diseases, Orthopedic and Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Aging Diseases, Orthopedic and Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Aging Diseases, Orthopedic and Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, ItalyRheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Roma, ItalyDepartment of Health Science, Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Aging Diseases, Orthopedic and Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Section - `P. Giaccone`, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Aging Diseases, Orthopedic and Rheumatology, Rheumatology Division, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, ItalyRheumatology Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Unit of Human Anatomy and Embriology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Health Science, Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyObjective To develop and validate a minimally invasive ultrasound (US)-guided biopsy technique to collect entheseal tissue from the common extensor tendon (CET) enthesis at the lateral humeral epicondyle.Methods Seven sonographers performed a US examination of the CET on six human cadaveric upper limbs to locate the enthesis using an anatomical landmark-based approach. An adapted mini-arthroscopic system was introduced under US guidance to the target site for sample collection. At the end of the procedure, a dye was injected through the guide needle, followed by dissection, to confirm the sampling location. Histology and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to assess the quality and representativeness of the samples. The reliability of the procedure among operators was evaluated by analysing the rate of successful sampling.Results 24 samples were collected. The target site to be biopsied was identified as the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis component of the CET. On dissection, the stain used to verify sampling accuracy was confirmed within the defined target area, with no damage to adjacent structures. Histology and immunohistochemistry indicated that most of the samples exhibited characteristics consistent with entheseal tissue (21 out of 24). All participants identified the CET and successfully completed the procedure, demonstrating reliable sample quality across operators.Conclusion We developed a landmark-based approach to perform a minimally invasive full controlled US-guided biopsy of the CET enthesis that showed to be feasible and reproducible. We believe that this standardised, minimally invasive technique will widespread a reliable collection of entheseal tissue for future clinical and translational studies.https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/11/2/e005328.full
spellingShingle Ingrid Moller
Georg Schett
Andreas Ramming
Giuliana Guggino
Stefano Alivernini
Pietro Rubortone
Carlo Tur
Enrico De Lorenzis
Beatrice Belmonte
Maria Antonietta D’Agostino
Maria Gabriella Raimondo
Chiara Rizzo
Marco Maria Lizzio
Luis Coronel
Maribel Miguel Perez
Valeria Cancila
Minimally invasive ultrasound-guided biopsy of the common extensor tendon enthesis: a cadaveric study to standardise the technique
RMD Open
title Minimally invasive ultrasound-guided biopsy of the common extensor tendon enthesis: a cadaveric study to standardise the technique
title_full Minimally invasive ultrasound-guided biopsy of the common extensor tendon enthesis: a cadaveric study to standardise the technique
title_fullStr Minimally invasive ultrasound-guided biopsy of the common extensor tendon enthesis: a cadaveric study to standardise the technique
title_full_unstemmed Minimally invasive ultrasound-guided biopsy of the common extensor tendon enthesis: a cadaveric study to standardise the technique
title_short Minimally invasive ultrasound-guided biopsy of the common extensor tendon enthesis: a cadaveric study to standardise the technique
title_sort minimally invasive ultrasound guided biopsy of the common extensor tendon enthesis a cadaveric study to standardise the technique
url https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/11/2/e005328.full
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