Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Ecosystem-Derived Fungi <i>Penicillium</i> spp.: Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity
Mangrove ecosystems have attracted widespread attention because of their high salinity, muddy or sandy soil, and low pH, as well as being partly anoxic and periodically soaked by tides. Mangrove plants, soil, or sediment-derived fungi, especially the <i>Penicillium</i> species, possess u...
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2024-12-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/1/7 |
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| author | Guojun Zhou Jin Cai Bin Wang Wenjiao Diao Yu Zhong Shaodan Pan Weijia Xiong Guolei Huang Caijuan Zheng |
| author_facet | Guojun Zhou Jin Cai Bin Wang Wenjiao Diao Yu Zhong Shaodan Pan Weijia Xiong Guolei Huang Caijuan Zheng |
| author_sort | Guojun Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mangrove ecosystems have attracted widespread attention because of their high salinity, muddy or sandy soil, and low pH, as well as being partly anoxic and periodically soaked by tides. Mangrove plants, soil, or sediment-derived fungi, especially the <i>Penicillium</i> species, possess unique metabolic pathways to produce secondary metabolites with novel structures and potent biological activities. This paper reviews the structural diversity and biological activity of secondary metabolites isolated from mangrove ecosystem-derived <i>Penicillium</i> species over the past 5 years (January 2020–October 2024), and 417 natural products (including 170 new compounds, among which 32 new compounds were separated under the guidance of molecular networking and the OSMAC approach) are described. The structures were divided into six major categories, including alkaloids, polyketides, terpenoids, benzene derivatives, steroids, and other classes. Among these natural products, the plausible biosynthetic pathways of 37 compounds were also proposed; 11 compounds have novel skeleton structures, and 26 compounds contain halogen atoms. A total of 126 compounds showed biological activities, such as cytotoxic, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and <i>α</i>-glucosidase-inhibitory activities, and 11 compounds exhibited diverse biological activities. These new secondary metabolites with novel structures and potent bioactivities will continue to guide the separation or synthesis of structurally novel and biologically active compounds and will offer leading compounds for the development and innovation of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6befb89d79444042a64efd03cc9d7c0c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj-art-6befb89d79444042a64efd03cc9d7c0c2025-01-24T13:39:26ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972024-12-01231710.3390/md23010007Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Ecosystem-Derived Fungi <i>Penicillium</i> spp.: Chemical Diversity and Biological ActivityGuojun Zhou0Jin Cai1Bin Wang2Wenjiao Diao3Yu Zhong4Shaodan Pan5Weijia Xiong6Guolei Huang7Caijuan Zheng8Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaYunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-Pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaMangrove ecosystems have attracted widespread attention because of their high salinity, muddy or sandy soil, and low pH, as well as being partly anoxic and periodically soaked by tides. Mangrove plants, soil, or sediment-derived fungi, especially the <i>Penicillium</i> species, possess unique metabolic pathways to produce secondary metabolites with novel structures and potent biological activities. This paper reviews the structural diversity and biological activity of secondary metabolites isolated from mangrove ecosystem-derived <i>Penicillium</i> species over the past 5 years (January 2020–October 2024), and 417 natural products (including 170 new compounds, among which 32 new compounds were separated under the guidance of molecular networking and the OSMAC approach) are described. The structures were divided into six major categories, including alkaloids, polyketides, terpenoids, benzene derivatives, steroids, and other classes. Among these natural products, the plausible biosynthetic pathways of 37 compounds were also proposed; 11 compounds have novel skeleton structures, and 26 compounds contain halogen atoms. A total of 126 compounds showed biological activities, such as cytotoxic, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and <i>α</i>-glucosidase-inhibitory activities, and 11 compounds exhibited diverse biological activities. These new secondary metabolites with novel structures and potent bioactivities will continue to guide the separation or synthesis of structurally novel and biologically active compounds and will offer leading compounds for the development and innovation of pharmaceuticals and pesticides.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/1/7mangrove ecosystems<i>Penicillium</i> sp.secondary metaboliteschemical diversitybiological activity |
| spellingShingle | Guojun Zhou Jin Cai Bin Wang Wenjiao Diao Yu Zhong Shaodan Pan Weijia Xiong Guolei Huang Caijuan Zheng Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Ecosystem-Derived Fungi <i>Penicillium</i> spp.: Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity Marine Drugs mangrove ecosystems <i>Penicillium</i> sp. secondary metabolites chemical diversity biological activity |
| title | Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Ecosystem-Derived Fungi <i>Penicillium</i> spp.: Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity |
| title_full | Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Ecosystem-Derived Fungi <i>Penicillium</i> spp.: Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity |
| title_fullStr | Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Ecosystem-Derived Fungi <i>Penicillium</i> spp.: Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Ecosystem-Derived Fungi <i>Penicillium</i> spp.: Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity |
| title_short | Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Ecosystem-Derived Fungi <i>Penicillium</i> spp.: Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity |
| title_sort | secondary metabolites from the mangrove ecosystem derived fungi i penicillium i spp chemical diversity and biological activity |
| topic | mangrove ecosystems <i>Penicillium</i> sp. secondary metabolites chemical diversity biological activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/1/7 |
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