Emerging roles of ribosome translation in stem cells and stem cell therapy - a review

Abstract Stem cells differ from other somatic cells in that they possess self-renewal and differentiation potential, which endows them with unique characteristics, and have great therapeutic potential. Studies have shown that the self-renewal and differentiation potential of stem cells is regulated...

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Main Authors: Yanyan Gao, Linlin Guo, Gaoxiang Shi, Ruifang Wang, Xu’an Wang, Jizhong Lou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Cell & Bioscience
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-025-01412-y
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author Yanyan Gao
Linlin Guo
Gaoxiang Shi
Ruifang Wang
Xu’an Wang
Jizhong Lou
author_facet Yanyan Gao
Linlin Guo
Gaoxiang Shi
Ruifang Wang
Xu’an Wang
Jizhong Lou
author_sort Yanyan Gao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Stem cells differ from other somatic cells in that they possess self-renewal and differentiation potential, which endows them with unique characteristics, and have great therapeutic potential. Studies have shown that the self-renewal and differentiation potential of stem cells is regulated by ribosomes during protein synthesis. In this review, we discuss the translation regulation mechanisms and ribosome biogenesis in stem cells. Protein translation levels and ribosome biogenesis change dynamically during the development and differentiation of stem cells, and hierarchical translational regulation promotes stem cell differentiation. We also demonstrate that mitochondrial protein translation plays an important role in the regulation of stem cell fate. Ribosomes not only mediate the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells through protein synthesis. They are also a key target for stem cell therapy. Understanding the mechanism of ribosome regulation in stem cells will allow better control of stem cells for their application.
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series Cell & Bioscience
spelling doaj-art-6bc886f59d4b45e598c1e236576f958d2025-08-20T02:00:10ZengBMCCell & Bioscience2045-37012025-05-0115111910.1186/s13578-025-01412-yEmerging roles of ribosome translation in stem cells and stem cell therapy - a reviewYanyan Gao0Linlin Guo1Gaoxiang Shi2Ruifang Wang3Xu’an Wang4Jizhong Lou5Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao UniversityDepartment of Anesthesiology, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Anesthesiology, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Anesthesiology, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityLaboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Stem cells differ from other somatic cells in that they possess self-renewal and differentiation potential, which endows them with unique characteristics, and have great therapeutic potential. Studies have shown that the self-renewal and differentiation potential of stem cells is regulated by ribosomes during protein synthesis. In this review, we discuss the translation regulation mechanisms and ribosome biogenesis in stem cells. Protein translation levels and ribosome biogenesis change dynamically during the development and differentiation of stem cells, and hierarchical translational regulation promotes stem cell differentiation. We also demonstrate that mitochondrial protein translation plays an important role in the regulation of stem cell fate. Ribosomes not only mediate the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells through protein synthesis. They are also a key target for stem cell therapy. Understanding the mechanism of ribosome regulation in stem cells will allow better control of stem cells for their application.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-025-01412-yStem cellRibosomeProtein translationMitochondrial ribosomal protein translationStem cell therapy
spellingShingle Yanyan Gao
Linlin Guo
Gaoxiang Shi
Ruifang Wang
Xu’an Wang
Jizhong Lou
Emerging roles of ribosome translation in stem cells and stem cell therapy - a review
Cell & Bioscience
Stem cell
Ribosome
Protein translation
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein translation
Stem cell therapy
title Emerging roles of ribosome translation in stem cells and stem cell therapy - a review
title_full Emerging roles of ribosome translation in stem cells and stem cell therapy - a review
title_fullStr Emerging roles of ribosome translation in stem cells and stem cell therapy - a review
title_full_unstemmed Emerging roles of ribosome translation in stem cells and stem cell therapy - a review
title_short Emerging roles of ribosome translation in stem cells and stem cell therapy - a review
title_sort emerging roles of ribosome translation in stem cells and stem cell therapy a review
topic Stem cell
Ribosome
Protein translation
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein translation
Stem cell therapy
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-025-01412-y
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AT linlinguo emergingrolesofribosometranslationinstemcellsandstemcelltherapyareview
AT gaoxiangshi emergingrolesofribosometranslationinstemcellsandstemcelltherapyareview
AT ruifangwang emergingrolesofribosometranslationinstemcellsandstemcelltherapyareview
AT xuanwang emergingrolesofribosometranslationinstemcellsandstemcelltherapyareview
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