New Steroid–Alkaloid Bioconjugates as Potential Bioactive Compounds: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and In Silico Study
The search for new biologically active compounds with prospective pharmaceutical applications has motivated the investigation of alternative synthesis pathways. One such approach involves the development of compounds with established biological activity as lead compounds. The focus on compounds of n...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Hanna Koenig Karolina Babijczuk Kamil Ostrowski Damian Nowak Tomasz Pospieszny Beata Jasiewicz |
| author_facet | Hanna Koenig Karolina Babijczuk Kamil Ostrowski Damian Nowak Tomasz Pospieszny Beata Jasiewicz |
| author_sort | Hanna Koenig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The search for new biologically active compounds with prospective pharmaceutical applications has motivated the investigation of alternative synthesis pathways. One such approach involves the development of compounds with established biological activity as lead compounds. The focus on compounds of natural origin is gaining prominence, with steroids and alkaloids representing notable examples. Our research aimed to synthesize novel steroid–alkaloid bioconjugates with potential biological activity. The structure of all new compounds was determined using spectroscopic methods. The final heats of formation (HOF) for all bioconjugates were also calculated. In silico methods demonstrated that most obtained compounds, especially caffeine derivatives, exhibited potential biological activity. These compounds act as cholesterol antagonists, analeptics, antihypercholesterolemic, and respiratory analeptic compounds. The molecular docking results for the 1HWK and 6RZ4 protein domains indicate that the selected bioconjugates exhibit affinities comparable to or lower than those of atorvastatin (−9.6 kcal/mol), the reference ligand in cholesterol-lowering. Conversely, the affinities of the selected bioconjugates are higher than those of caffeine (−6.2 kcal/mol), which is used as the reference ligand for analeptic drugs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6b7fd9b2731b49a2bd283ae009dedf08 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-6b7fd9b2731b49a2bd283ae009dedf082025-01-24T13:19:58ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-0115259110.3390/app15020591New Steroid–Alkaloid Bioconjugates as Potential Bioactive Compounds: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and In Silico StudyHanna Koenig0Karolina Babijczuk1Kamil Ostrowski2Damian Nowak3Tomasz Pospieszny4Beata Jasiewicz5Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, PolandThe search for new biologically active compounds with prospective pharmaceutical applications has motivated the investigation of alternative synthesis pathways. One such approach involves the development of compounds with established biological activity as lead compounds. The focus on compounds of natural origin is gaining prominence, with steroids and alkaloids representing notable examples. Our research aimed to synthesize novel steroid–alkaloid bioconjugates with potential biological activity. The structure of all new compounds was determined using spectroscopic methods. The final heats of formation (HOF) for all bioconjugates were also calculated. In silico methods demonstrated that most obtained compounds, especially caffeine derivatives, exhibited potential biological activity. These compounds act as cholesterol antagonists, analeptics, antihypercholesterolemic, and respiratory analeptic compounds. The molecular docking results for the 1HWK and 6RZ4 protein domains indicate that the selected bioconjugates exhibit affinities comparable to or lower than those of atorvastatin (−9.6 kcal/mol), the reference ligand in cholesterol-lowering. Conversely, the affinities of the selected bioconjugates are higher than those of caffeine (−6.2 kcal/mol), which is used as the reference ligand for analeptic drugs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/591natural compoundsalkaloidssteroidscaffeinegraminebioconjugates |
| spellingShingle | Hanna Koenig Karolina Babijczuk Kamil Ostrowski Damian Nowak Tomasz Pospieszny Beata Jasiewicz New Steroid–Alkaloid Bioconjugates as Potential Bioactive Compounds: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and In Silico Study Applied Sciences natural compounds alkaloids steroids caffeine gramine bioconjugates |
| title | New Steroid–Alkaloid Bioconjugates as Potential Bioactive Compounds: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and In Silico Study |
| title_full | New Steroid–Alkaloid Bioconjugates as Potential Bioactive Compounds: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and In Silico Study |
| title_fullStr | New Steroid–Alkaloid Bioconjugates as Potential Bioactive Compounds: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and In Silico Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Steroid–Alkaloid Bioconjugates as Potential Bioactive Compounds: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and In Silico Study |
| title_short | New Steroid–Alkaloid Bioconjugates as Potential Bioactive Compounds: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and In Silico Study |
| title_sort | new steroid alkaloid bioconjugates as potential bioactive compounds synthesis spectroscopic and in silico study |
| topic | natural compounds alkaloids steroids caffeine gramine bioconjugates |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/591 |
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