Synthesis and Characteristics of 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines for Using as High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs)
Nitrogen-rich heterocycles constitute a family of high energy density materials (HEDMs) that have been developing intensively in recent years. A representative of this class is 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, a six-membered aromatic compound containing four nitrogen atoms in the ring. Many energetic compounds wi...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Sebastian Górecki Agnieszka Kudelko |
| author_facet | Sebastian Górecki Agnieszka Kudelko |
| author_sort | Sebastian Górecki |
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| description | Nitrogen-rich heterocycles constitute a family of high energy density materials (HEDMs) that have been developing intensively in recent years. A representative of this class is 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, a six-membered aromatic compound containing four nitrogen atoms in the ring. Many energetic compounds with this scaffold exhibit thermal stability, high density, and insensitivity to various stimuli, including friction, impact, and electrostatic discharge. This review presents methods for constructing 1,2,4,5-tetrazine precursors from acyclic reagents and describes their chemical modifications, leading to new energetic compounds with potential applications in the industry as explosives, propellants, or pyrotechnics. Synthetic procedures and reaction conditions are discussed, along with the detonation parameters of new nitrogen-rich tetrazine-based products, which allow estimation of their application potential. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6b61172bcad64d6a99550b0f0cf224492025-01-24T13:20:56ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-0115282110.3390/app15020821Synthesis and Characteristics of 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines for Using as High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs)Sebastian Górecki0Agnieszka Kudelko1Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, The Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, PL-44100 Gliwice, PolandDepartment of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, The Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, PL-44100 Gliwice, PolandNitrogen-rich heterocycles constitute a family of high energy density materials (HEDMs) that have been developing intensively in recent years. A representative of this class is 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, a six-membered aromatic compound containing four nitrogen atoms in the ring. Many energetic compounds with this scaffold exhibit thermal stability, high density, and insensitivity to various stimuli, including friction, impact, and electrostatic discharge. This review presents methods for constructing 1,2,4,5-tetrazine precursors from acyclic reagents and describes their chemical modifications, leading to new energetic compounds with potential applications in the industry as explosives, propellants, or pyrotechnics. Synthetic procedures and reaction conditions are discussed, along with the detonation parameters of new nitrogen-rich tetrazine-based products, which allow estimation of their application potential.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/8211,2,4,5-tetrazinehigh energy density materialssynthesis<i>N</i>-heterocycledetonation performance |
| spellingShingle | Sebastian Górecki Agnieszka Kudelko Synthesis and Characteristics of 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines for Using as High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs) Applied Sciences 1,2,4,5-tetrazine high energy density materials synthesis <i>N</i>-heterocycle detonation performance |
| title | Synthesis and Characteristics of 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines for Using as High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs) |
| title_full | Synthesis and Characteristics of 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines for Using as High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs) |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and Characteristics of 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines for Using as High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Characteristics of 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines for Using as High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs) |
| title_short | Synthesis and Characteristics of 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines for Using as High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs) |
| title_sort | synthesis and characteristics of 1 2 4 5 tetrazines for using as high energy density materials hedms |
| topic | 1,2,4,5-tetrazine high energy density materials synthesis <i>N</i>-heterocycle detonation performance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/821 |
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