Transformation of brain myeloid cell populations by SIV in rhesus macaques revealed by multiomics
Abstract The primary immune constituents in the brain, microglia and macrophages, are the target for HIV in people and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in nonhuman primates. This infection can lead to neurological dysfunction, known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Given the gaps...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Communications Biology |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-07443-4 |
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| author | Xiaoke Xu Meng Niu Benjamin G. Lamberty Katy Emanuel Moses Jedd Facun Apostol Howard S. Fox |
| author_facet | Xiaoke Xu Meng Niu Benjamin G. Lamberty Katy Emanuel Moses Jedd Facun Apostol Howard S. Fox |
| author_sort | Xiaoke Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The primary immune constituents in the brain, microglia and macrophages, are the target for HIV in people and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in nonhuman primates. This infection can lead to neurological dysfunction, known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Given the gaps in our knowledge on how these cells respond in vivo to CNS infection, we perform single-cell multiomic sequencing, including gene expression and ATAC-seq, on myeloid cells from the brains of rhesus macaques with SIV-induced encephalitis (SIVE) as well as uninfected controls. We find that SIVE significantly changes the myeloid cell populations. In SIVE, microglia-like cells express high levels of chemoattractants capable of recruiting highly activated CAM-like cells to the site of infection/inflammation. A unique population of microglia-like cells is found in which the chromatin accessibility of genes diverges from their RNA expression. Additionally, we observe a dramatic shift of upstream gene regulators and their targets in brain myeloid cells during SIVE. This study further uncovers the transcriptome, gene regulatory events, and potential roles of different brain myeloid phenotypes in SIVE. This might deepen the understanding of SIVE/HIVE and enlighten the therapeutic development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6b58359c6acc42cca46ef5b130cd23c4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2399-3642 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Communications Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6b58359c6acc42cca46ef5b130cd23c42025-01-26T12:48:06ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-01-018111910.1038/s42003-024-07443-4Transformation of brain myeloid cell populations by SIV in rhesus macaques revealed by multiomicsXiaoke Xu0Meng Niu1Benjamin G. Lamberty2Katy Emanuel3Moses Jedd Facun Apostol4Howard S. Fox5Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical CenterDepartment of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical CenterDepartment of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical CenterDepartment of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical CenterDepartment of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical CenterDepartment of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical CenterAbstract The primary immune constituents in the brain, microglia and macrophages, are the target for HIV in people and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in nonhuman primates. This infection can lead to neurological dysfunction, known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Given the gaps in our knowledge on how these cells respond in vivo to CNS infection, we perform single-cell multiomic sequencing, including gene expression and ATAC-seq, on myeloid cells from the brains of rhesus macaques with SIV-induced encephalitis (SIVE) as well as uninfected controls. We find that SIVE significantly changes the myeloid cell populations. In SIVE, microglia-like cells express high levels of chemoattractants capable of recruiting highly activated CAM-like cells to the site of infection/inflammation. A unique population of microglia-like cells is found in which the chromatin accessibility of genes diverges from their RNA expression. Additionally, we observe a dramatic shift of upstream gene regulators and their targets in brain myeloid cells during SIVE. This study further uncovers the transcriptome, gene regulatory events, and potential roles of different brain myeloid phenotypes in SIVE. This might deepen the understanding of SIVE/HIVE and enlighten the therapeutic development.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-07443-4 |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoke Xu Meng Niu Benjamin G. Lamberty Katy Emanuel Moses Jedd Facun Apostol Howard S. Fox Transformation of brain myeloid cell populations by SIV in rhesus macaques revealed by multiomics Communications Biology |
| title | Transformation of brain myeloid cell populations by SIV in rhesus macaques revealed by multiomics |
| title_full | Transformation of brain myeloid cell populations by SIV in rhesus macaques revealed by multiomics |
| title_fullStr | Transformation of brain myeloid cell populations by SIV in rhesus macaques revealed by multiomics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transformation of brain myeloid cell populations by SIV in rhesus macaques revealed by multiomics |
| title_short | Transformation of brain myeloid cell populations by SIV in rhesus macaques revealed by multiomics |
| title_sort | transformation of brain myeloid cell populations by siv in rhesus macaques revealed by multiomics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-07443-4 |
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