Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD): Designing and Evaluation against Outdoor Biting Malaria Vectors
Odor-baited devices are increasingly needed to compliment long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) for control of residual malaria transmission. However, the odor-baited devices developed so far are bulky, dependent on the source of electricity and carbon dioxide (CO...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2020-01-01
|
| Series: | The Scientific World Journal |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4801068 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832551256994873344 |
|---|---|
| author | Stella T. Kessy Ladslaus L. Mnyone Bruno A. Nyundo Issa N. Lyimo |
| author_facet | Stella T. Kessy Ladslaus L. Mnyone Bruno A. Nyundo Issa N. Lyimo |
| author_sort | Stella T. Kessy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Odor-baited devices are increasingly needed to compliment long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) for control of residual malaria transmission. However, the odor-baited devices developed so far are bulky, dependent on the source of electricity and carbon dioxide (CO2), and they are logistically unsuitable for scaling up in surveillance and control of malaria vectors. We designed a passive and portable outdoor host seeking device (POHD) and preliminarily evaluated suitable components against Anopheles arabiensis that maintains residual malaria transmission. Experiments were conducted using semifield reared An. arabiensis within the semifield system at Ifakara Health Institute (IHI) in southeastern Tanzania. These mosquitoes were exposed to Suna traps® baited with BG lures or source of light and augmented with carbon dioxide (CO2) in view of identifying best attractants necessary to improve attractiveness of designed POHD. Two Suna traps® were hanged at the corner but outside the experimental hut in a diagonal line and rotated between four corners to control for the effect of position and wind direction on mosquito catches. Furthermore, mosquitoes were also exposed to either a bendiocarb-treated or bendiocarb-untreated POHD baited with Mbita blend, Ifakara blend, and worn socks and augmented with warmth (i.e., 1.5 liter bottle of warm water) inside an experimental hut or a screened rectangular box. This study demonstrated that mosquitoes were more strongly attracted to Suna trap® baited with BG lures and CO2 relative to those traps baited with a source of light and CO2. The POHD baited with synthetic blends attracted and killed greater proportion of An. arabiensis compared with POHD baited with worn socks. Efficacy of the POHD was unaffected by source of warmth, and it was reduced by about 50% when the device was tested inside a screened rectangular box relative to closed experimental hut. Overall, this study demonstrates that the POHD baited with synthetic blends (Mbita and Ifakara blends) and bendiocarb can effectively attract and kill outdoor biting malaria vector species. Such POHD baited with synthetic blends may require the source of CO2 to enhance attractiveness to mosquitoes. Further trials are, therefore, ongoing to evaluate attractiveness of improved design of POHD baited with slow-release formulation of synthetic blends and sustainable source of CO2 to malaria vectors under semifield and natural environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6b499e962ab3400ab82c7f6e7d297457 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2356-6140 1537-744X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Scientific World Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-6b499e962ab3400ab82c7f6e7d2974572025-02-03T06:04:36ZengWileyThe Scientific World Journal2356-61401537-744X2020-01-01202010.1155/2020/48010684801068Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD): Designing and Evaluation against Outdoor Biting Malaria VectorsStella T. Kessy0Ladslaus L. Mnyone1Bruno A. Nyundo2Issa N. Lyimo3Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Off Mlabani Passage, Ifakara, Morogoro, TanzaniaDepartment of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Off Mlabani Passage, Ifakara, Morogoro, TanzaniaCollege of Natural and Applied Science, Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Off Mlabani Passage, Ifakara, Morogoro, TanzaniaOdor-baited devices are increasingly needed to compliment long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) for control of residual malaria transmission. However, the odor-baited devices developed so far are bulky, dependent on the source of electricity and carbon dioxide (CO2), and they are logistically unsuitable for scaling up in surveillance and control of malaria vectors. We designed a passive and portable outdoor host seeking device (POHD) and preliminarily evaluated suitable components against Anopheles arabiensis that maintains residual malaria transmission. Experiments were conducted using semifield reared An. arabiensis within the semifield system at Ifakara Health Institute (IHI) in southeastern Tanzania. These mosquitoes were exposed to Suna traps® baited with BG lures or source of light and augmented with carbon dioxide (CO2) in view of identifying best attractants necessary to improve attractiveness of designed POHD. Two Suna traps® were hanged at the corner but outside the experimental hut in a diagonal line and rotated between four corners to control for the effect of position and wind direction on mosquito catches. Furthermore, mosquitoes were also exposed to either a bendiocarb-treated or bendiocarb-untreated POHD baited with Mbita blend, Ifakara blend, and worn socks and augmented with warmth (i.e., 1.5 liter bottle of warm water) inside an experimental hut or a screened rectangular box. This study demonstrated that mosquitoes were more strongly attracted to Suna trap® baited with BG lures and CO2 relative to those traps baited with a source of light and CO2. The POHD baited with synthetic blends attracted and killed greater proportion of An. arabiensis compared with POHD baited with worn socks. Efficacy of the POHD was unaffected by source of warmth, and it was reduced by about 50% when the device was tested inside a screened rectangular box relative to closed experimental hut. Overall, this study demonstrates that the POHD baited with synthetic blends (Mbita and Ifakara blends) and bendiocarb can effectively attract and kill outdoor biting malaria vector species. Such POHD baited with synthetic blends may require the source of CO2 to enhance attractiveness to mosquitoes. Further trials are, therefore, ongoing to evaluate attractiveness of improved design of POHD baited with slow-release formulation of synthetic blends and sustainable source of CO2 to malaria vectors under semifield and natural environments.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4801068 |
| spellingShingle | Stella T. Kessy Ladslaus L. Mnyone Bruno A. Nyundo Issa N. Lyimo Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD): Designing and Evaluation against Outdoor Biting Malaria Vectors The Scientific World Journal |
| title | Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD): Designing and Evaluation against Outdoor Biting Malaria Vectors |
| title_full | Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD): Designing and Evaluation against Outdoor Biting Malaria Vectors |
| title_fullStr | Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD): Designing and Evaluation against Outdoor Biting Malaria Vectors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD): Designing and Evaluation against Outdoor Biting Malaria Vectors |
| title_short | Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD): Designing and Evaluation against Outdoor Biting Malaria Vectors |
| title_sort | passive outdoor host seeking device pohd designing and evaluation against outdoor biting malaria vectors |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4801068 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stellatkessy passiveoutdoorhostseekingdevicepohddesigningandevaluationagainstoutdoorbitingmalariavectors AT ladslauslmnyone passiveoutdoorhostseekingdevicepohddesigningandevaluationagainstoutdoorbitingmalariavectors AT brunoanyundo passiveoutdoorhostseekingdevicepohddesigningandevaluationagainstoutdoorbitingmalariavectors AT issanlyimo passiveoutdoorhostseekingdevicepohddesigningandevaluationagainstoutdoorbitingmalariavectors |