Nurses’ experiences with virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in primary care

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual care was used to deliver primary care services. Nurses contributed to primary care teams’ capacity to deliver care virtually. This study explored nurses’ roles in virtual care delivery in primary care and the barriers and facilitators that in...

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Main Authors: Crystal Vaughan, Lindsay Hedden, Julia Lukewich, Maria Mathews, Emily Gard Marshall, Leslie Meredith, Dana Ryan, Sarah Spencer, Suzanne Braithwaite, Jamie Wickett, Stan Marchuk, Emilie Dufour
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:BMC Nursing
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02540-5
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author Crystal Vaughan
Lindsay Hedden
Julia Lukewich
Maria Mathews
Emily Gard Marshall
Leslie Meredith
Dana Ryan
Sarah Spencer
Suzanne Braithwaite
Jamie Wickett
Stan Marchuk
Emilie Dufour
author_facet Crystal Vaughan
Lindsay Hedden
Julia Lukewich
Maria Mathews
Emily Gard Marshall
Leslie Meredith
Dana Ryan
Sarah Spencer
Suzanne Braithwaite
Jamie Wickett
Stan Marchuk
Emilie Dufour
author_sort Crystal Vaughan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual care was used to deliver primary care services. Nurses contributed to primary care teams’ capacity to deliver care virtually. This study explored nurses’ roles in virtual care delivery in primary care and the barriers and facilitators that influenced their contributions. Methods We employed a qualitative descriptive approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with nurses representing each regulatory designation (i.e., Nurse Practitioners, Registered Nurses, Licensed/Registered Practical Nurses) working in primary care in four Canadian provinces (i.e., British Columbia, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador). We performed thematic analysis on data related to the delivery of virtual care. Results We interviewed seventy-six nurses and identified three key themes and various sub-themes related to virtual nursing practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) variable adoption of virtual care among nurses, (2) facilitators and barriers to virtual nursing practice, and (3) impacts of virtual delivery on care provision by nurses. Nurses’ involvement in virtual care varied across designations and nurses recalled various facilitators and impediments that influenced their virtual care experience, such as guidance documents, funding models, and the availability of equipment. Virtual care influenced nurses’ workflow, their ability to deliver patient-centred care, and their ability to bridge the care gap. Conclusions Primary care teams are increasingly relying upon nurses to support virtual care delivery, emphasizing the need to understand nursing roles in virtual care. Primary care funding models should be leveraged to support nurses in virtual care delivery; and standardized learning opportunities and guidance documents focused on virtual care should be available to support primary care nurses and strengthen their contributions in future primary care teams that involve virtual nursing care.
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spelling doaj-art-6b2a8aec4e7f43d9ab1d7e28ccd6b9c22025-08-20T02:39:55ZengBMCBMC Nursing1472-69552024-12-0123111110.1186/s12912-024-02540-5Nurses’ experiences with virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in primary careCrystal Vaughan0Lindsay Hedden1Julia Lukewich2Maria Mathews3Emily Gard Marshall4Leslie Meredith5Dana Ryan6Sarah Spencer7Suzanne Braithwaite8Jamie Wickett9Stan Marchuk10Emilie Dufour11Faculty of Nursing, Memorial UniversityFaculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser UniversityFaculty of Nursing, Memorial UniversityDepartment of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western UniversityDepartment of Family Medicine Primary Care Research Unit, Dalhousie UniversityDepartment of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western UniversityFaculty of Nursing, Memorial UniversityFaculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser UniversitySchool of Nursing, Trent UniversityDepartment of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western UniversityFaculty of Human and Social Development, School of Nursing, University of VictoriaFaculty of Nursing, Université de MontréalAbstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual care was used to deliver primary care services. Nurses contributed to primary care teams’ capacity to deliver care virtually. This study explored nurses’ roles in virtual care delivery in primary care and the barriers and facilitators that influenced their contributions. Methods We employed a qualitative descriptive approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with nurses representing each regulatory designation (i.e., Nurse Practitioners, Registered Nurses, Licensed/Registered Practical Nurses) working in primary care in four Canadian provinces (i.e., British Columbia, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador). We performed thematic analysis on data related to the delivery of virtual care. Results We interviewed seventy-six nurses and identified three key themes and various sub-themes related to virtual nursing practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) variable adoption of virtual care among nurses, (2) facilitators and barriers to virtual nursing practice, and (3) impacts of virtual delivery on care provision by nurses. Nurses’ involvement in virtual care varied across designations and nurses recalled various facilitators and impediments that influenced their virtual care experience, such as guidance documents, funding models, and the availability of equipment. Virtual care influenced nurses’ workflow, their ability to deliver patient-centred care, and their ability to bridge the care gap. Conclusions Primary care teams are increasingly relying upon nurses to support virtual care delivery, emphasizing the need to understand nursing roles in virtual care. Primary care funding models should be leveraged to support nurses in virtual care delivery; and standardized learning opportunities and guidance documents focused on virtual care should be available to support primary care nurses and strengthen their contributions in future primary care teams that involve virtual nursing care.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02540-5Virtual carePrimary careNursingCOVID-19Nurse experiencesQualitative research
spellingShingle Crystal Vaughan
Lindsay Hedden
Julia Lukewich
Maria Mathews
Emily Gard Marshall
Leslie Meredith
Dana Ryan
Sarah Spencer
Suzanne Braithwaite
Jamie Wickett
Stan Marchuk
Emilie Dufour
Nurses’ experiences with virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in primary care
BMC Nursing
Virtual care
Primary care
Nursing
COVID-19
Nurse experiences
Qualitative research
title Nurses’ experiences with virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in primary care
title_full Nurses’ experiences with virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in primary care
title_fullStr Nurses’ experiences with virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in primary care
title_full_unstemmed Nurses’ experiences with virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in primary care
title_short Nurses’ experiences with virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in primary care
title_sort nurses experiences with virtual care during the covid 19 pandemic a qualitative study in primary care
topic Virtual care
Primary care
Nursing
COVID-19
Nurse experiences
Qualitative research
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02540-5
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