Towards Network Lifetime Maximization: Sink Mobility Aware Multihop Scalable Hybrid Energy Efficient Protocols for Terrestrial WSNs
We propose two routing protocols for Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks (TWSNs): Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive (HEER) and Multihop Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive (MHEER) routing protocol. The main purpose of designing these protocols is to improve the network lifetime and particularly the sta...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/908495 |
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| author | Mariam Akbar Nadeem Javaid Zahoor Ali Khan Umar Qasim Turki Ali Alghamdi Saad Noor Mohammad Syed Hassan Ahmed Majid Iqbal Khan Safdar Hussain Bouk |
| author_facet | Mariam Akbar Nadeem Javaid Zahoor Ali Khan Umar Qasim Turki Ali Alghamdi Saad Noor Mohammad Syed Hassan Ahmed Majid Iqbal Khan Safdar Hussain Bouk |
| author_sort | Mariam Akbar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We propose two routing protocols for Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks (TWSNs): Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive (HEER) and Multihop Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive (MHEER) routing protocol. The main purpose of designing these protocols is to improve the network lifetime and particularly the stability period of the underlying network. In MHEER, the node with the maximum energy in a region becomes cluster head (CH) of that region for that particular round (or cycle) of time and the number of the CHs in each round remains the same. Our techniques outperform the well-known existing routing protocols: LEACH, TEEN, and DEEC in terms of stability period and network lifetime. We also calculate the confidence interval of all our results which helps us to visualize the possible deviation of our graphs from the mean value. We also implement sink mobility on HEER and MHEER. We refer to them as HEER-SM and MHEER-SM. Simulation results show that HEER-SM and MHEER-SM yield better network lifetime and stability region as compared to the counterpart techniques. We have also carried out simulations with 500 and 1000 nodes in the same field dimensions besides 100 nodes. Simulations prove that the proposed schemes show the same behavior with 500 and 1000 nodes; that is, HEER and MHEER are scalable as well. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6af7a2d0611442a8ba9cd7a4641d2df9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1550-1477 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| spelling | doaj-art-6af7a2d0611442a8ba9cd7a4641d2df92025-02-03T05:54:32ZengWileyInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks1550-14772015-10-011110.1155/2015/908495908495Towards Network Lifetime Maximization: Sink Mobility Aware Multihop Scalable Hybrid Energy Efficient Protocols for Terrestrial WSNsMariam Akbar0Nadeem Javaid1Zahoor Ali Khan2Umar Qasim3Turki Ali Alghamdi4Saad Noor Mohammad5Syed Hassan Ahmed6Majid Iqbal Khan7Safdar Hussain Bouk8 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan CIS, Higher Colleges of Technology, Fujairah Campus 4114, UAE University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2J8 College of CIS, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of KoreaWe propose two routing protocols for Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks (TWSNs): Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive (HEER) and Multihop Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive (MHEER) routing protocol. The main purpose of designing these protocols is to improve the network lifetime and particularly the stability period of the underlying network. In MHEER, the node with the maximum energy in a region becomes cluster head (CH) of that region for that particular round (or cycle) of time and the number of the CHs in each round remains the same. Our techniques outperform the well-known existing routing protocols: LEACH, TEEN, and DEEC in terms of stability period and network lifetime. We also calculate the confidence interval of all our results which helps us to visualize the possible deviation of our graphs from the mean value. We also implement sink mobility on HEER and MHEER. We refer to them as HEER-SM and MHEER-SM. Simulation results show that HEER-SM and MHEER-SM yield better network lifetime and stability region as compared to the counterpart techniques. We have also carried out simulations with 500 and 1000 nodes in the same field dimensions besides 100 nodes. Simulations prove that the proposed schemes show the same behavior with 500 and 1000 nodes; that is, HEER and MHEER are scalable as well.https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/908495 |
| spellingShingle | Mariam Akbar Nadeem Javaid Zahoor Ali Khan Umar Qasim Turki Ali Alghamdi Saad Noor Mohammad Syed Hassan Ahmed Majid Iqbal Khan Safdar Hussain Bouk Towards Network Lifetime Maximization: Sink Mobility Aware Multihop Scalable Hybrid Energy Efficient Protocols for Terrestrial WSNs International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| title | Towards Network Lifetime Maximization: Sink Mobility Aware Multihop Scalable Hybrid Energy Efficient Protocols for Terrestrial WSNs |
| title_full | Towards Network Lifetime Maximization: Sink Mobility Aware Multihop Scalable Hybrid Energy Efficient Protocols for Terrestrial WSNs |
| title_fullStr | Towards Network Lifetime Maximization: Sink Mobility Aware Multihop Scalable Hybrid Energy Efficient Protocols for Terrestrial WSNs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards Network Lifetime Maximization: Sink Mobility Aware Multihop Scalable Hybrid Energy Efficient Protocols for Terrestrial WSNs |
| title_short | Towards Network Lifetime Maximization: Sink Mobility Aware Multihop Scalable Hybrid Energy Efficient Protocols for Terrestrial WSNs |
| title_sort | towards network lifetime maximization sink mobility aware multihop scalable hybrid energy efficient protocols for terrestrial wsns |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/908495 |
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