The BES1/BZR1 transcriptional factor SlBES2 regulates photosynthetic apparatus in tomato fruit
Abstract Background Fruit photosynthetic apparatus development comprises a series of biological processes which is essential in determining fruit development and quality formation. However, the understanding of the regulation of fruit photosynthetic apparatus development remains poor. Results In thi...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06085-w |
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| author | Ming Huang Wenjing Liu Deding Su Ghassen Abid Baowen Huang Zhengguo Li |
| author_facet | Ming Huang Wenjing Liu Deding Su Ghassen Abid Baowen Huang Zhengguo Li |
| author_sort | Ming Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Fruit photosynthetic apparatus development comprises a series of biological processes which is essential in determining fruit development and quality formation. However, the understanding of the regulation of fruit photosynthetic apparatus development remains poor. Results In this study, we identified a transcriptional factor SlBES2, the closest homolog of BES1 and BZR1 in tomato BES1 family, is highly expressed in fruit at mature green (MG) stage and exhibited transcriptional inhibition activity. Down-regulation of SlBES2 resulted in fruits showing paler fruit than wild type at MG stage, in contrast, SlBES2-overexpressing tomato lines bore deeper green fruits. Notably, chlorophyll content and number of thylakoids per chloroplast in fruit was substantially increased in SlBES2-overexpressing lines, while markedly decreased in SlBES2-suppressing lines. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that multiple genes of the photosystem, chloroplast development and chlorophyll metabolism pathways were regulated by SlBES2. Further verification revealed that SlBES2 can significantly repress the transcriptional activity of SlNYC1 and Green-Flesh, and physically interact with protein SlHY5. Conclusions Collectively, this study demonstrated that SlBES2 plays an important role in regulating fruit photosynthetic apparatus development through either transcriptional repression of genes involved in chlorophyll breakdown, or posttranscriptional regulation of proteins associated with plant photomorphogenesis and chloroplast development. Our findings add a new actor to the complex mechanisms underlying photosynthetic apparatus during fruit development. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6a601d24cba1485ebc54e05d612589632025-01-19T12:16:51ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-01-0125111310.1186/s12870-025-06085-wThe BES1/BZR1 transcriptional factor SlBES2 regulates photosynthetic apparatus in tomato fruitMing Huang0Wenjing Liu1Deding Su2Ghassen Abid3Baowen Huang4Zhengguo Li5Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones Regulation and Molecular Breeding of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityKey Laboratory of Plant Hormones Regulation and Molecular Breeding of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityKey Laboratory of Plant Hormones Regulation and Molecular Breeding of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityLaboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, (CBBC)Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones Regulation and Molecular Breeding of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityKey Laboratory of Plant Hormones Regulation and Molecular Breeding of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing UniversityAbstract Background Fruit photosynthetic apparatus development comprises a series of biological processes which is essential in determining fruit development and quality formation. However, the understanding of the regulation of fruit photosynthetic apparatus development remains poor. Results In this study, we identified a transcriptional factor SlBES2, the closest homolog of BES1 and BZR1 in tomato BES1 family, is highly expressed in fruit at mature green (MG) stage and exhibited transcriptional inhibition activity. Down-regulation of SlBES2 resulted in fruits showing paler fruit than wild type at MG stage, in contrast, SlBES2-overexpressing tomato lines bore deeper green fruits. Notably, chlorophyll content and number of thylakoids per chloroplast in fruit was substantially increased in SlBES2-overexpressing lines, while markedly decreased in SlBES2-suppressing lines. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that multiple genes of the photosystem, chloroplast development and chlorophyll metabolism pathways were regulated by SlBES2. Further verification revealed that SlBES2 can significantly repress the transcriptional activity of SlNYC1 and Green-Flesh, and physically interact with protein SlHY5. Conclusions Collectively, this study demonstrated that SlBES2 plays an important role in regulating fruit photosynthetic apparatus development through either transcriptional repression of genes involved in chlorophyll breakdown, or posttranscriptional regulation of proteins associated with plant photomorphogenesis and chloroplast development. Our findings add a new actor to the complex mechanisms underlying photosynthetic apparatus during fruit development.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06085-wBES1 transcriptional factorFruit developmentPhotosynthetic apparatusTomato |
| spellingShingle | Ming Huang Wenjing Liu Deding Su Ghassen Abid Baowen Huang Zhengguo Li The BES1/BZR1 transcriptional factor SlBES2 regulates photosynthetic apparatus in tomato fruit BMC Plant Biology BES1 transcriptional factor Fruit development Photosynthetic apparatus Tomato |
| title | The BES1/BZR1 transcriptional factor SlBES2 regulates photosynthetic apparatus in tomato fruit |
| title_full | The BES1/BZR1 transcriptional factor SlBES2 regulates photosynthetic apparatus in tomato fruit |
| title_fullStr | The BES1/BZR1 transcriptional factor SlBES2 regulates photosynthetic apparatus in tomato fruit |
| title_full_unstemmed | The BES1/BZR1 transcriptional factor SlBES2 regulates photosynthetic apparatus in tomato fruit |
| title_short | The BES1/BZR1 transcriptional factor SlBES2 regulates photosynthetic apparatus in tomato fruit |
| title_sort | bes1 bzr1 transcriptional factor slbes2 regulates photosynthetic apparatus in tomato fruit |
| topic | BES1 transcriptional factor Fruit development Photosynthetic apparatus Tomato |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06085-w |
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