Leptospirosis Risk Assessment in Rodent Populations and Environmental Reservoirs in Humanitarian Aid Settings in Thailand
Leptospirosis, a global zoonotic disease caused by <i>Leptospira</i> spp., presents high morbidity and mortality risks, especially in tropical regions like Thailand. Military personnel deployed in endemic areas, such as during the Cobra Gold Joint exercise, face heightened exposure. This...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| author | Panadda Krairojananan Kasima Wasuworawong Surachai Leepitakrat Taweesak Monkanna Elizabeth W. Wanja Silas A. Davidson Betty K. Poole-Smith Patrick W. McCardle Alyssa Mann Erica J. Lindroth |
| author_facet | Panadda Krairojananan Kasima Wasuworawong Surachai Leepitakrat Taweesak Monkanna Elizabeth W. Wanja Silas A. Davidson Betty K. Poole-Smith Patrick W. McCardle Alyssa Mann Erica J. Lindroth |
| author_sort | Panadda Krairojananan |
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| description | Leptospirosis, a global zoonotic disease caused by <i>Leptospira</i> spp., presents high morbidity and mortality risks, especially in tropical regions like Thailand. Military personnel deployed in endemic areas, such as during the Cobra Gold Joint exercise, face heightened exposure. This study assessed <i>Leptospira</i>’s prevalence in rodents and environmental reservoirs at military training sites from 2017 to 2022. A surveillance program was conducted at Engineering Civil Assistance Program (ENCAP) training sites using real-time PCR, dark-field microscopy, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to detect <i>Leptospira</i> in rodents and environmental samples. Results showed a 1.3% infection rate in rodents (15 of 1161), while <i>Leptospira</i> was detected in 10.2% of water samples (42 of 413) and 23.1% of soil samples (30 of 130). Diverse <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> strains circulated among rodents, and three groups of naturally circulating <i>Leptospira</i> strains were detected in environmental reservoirs. These findings underscore <i>Leptospira</i>’s survival and transmission potential within exercise sites, informing Force Health Protection (FHP) decisions. By integrating pre-exercise data on primary hosts and environmental reservoirs with historical local outbreak records and research on risk factors, this study identifies key areas for public health intervention and potential mitigation strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6a069fc4dc1440f7b313e9cc372a5181 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-6a069fc4dc1440f7b313e9cc372a51812025-01-24T13:42:21ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-12-011312910.3390/microorganisms13010029Leptospirosis Risk Assessment in Rodent Populations and Environmental Reservoirs in Humanitarian Aid Settings in ThailandPanadda Krairojananan0Kasima Wasuworawong1Surachai Leepitakrat2Taweesak Monkanna3Elizabeth W. Wanja4Silas A. Davidson5Betty K. Poole-Smith6Patrick W. McCardle7Alyssa Mann8Erica J. Lindroth9Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, ThailandEntomology Branch, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA18th MEDCOM, Fort Shafter, Honolulu, HI 96858, USAArmy Medical Department Student Detachment, San Antonio, TX 78288, USADefense Centers for Public Health-Aberdeen, DHA Public Health, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD 21010, USADepartment of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, ThailandLeptospirosis, a global zoonotic disease caused by <i>Leptospira</i> spp., presents high morbidity and mortality risks, especially in tropical regions like Thailand. Military personnel deployed in endemic areas, such as during the Cobra Gold Joint exercise, face heightened exposure. This study assessed <i>Leptospira</i>’s prevalence in rodents and environmental reservoirs at military training sites from 2017 to 2022. A surveillance program was conducted at Engineering Civil Assistance Program (ENCAP) training sites using real-time PCR, dark-field microscopy, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to detect <i>Leptospira</i> in rodents and environmental samples. Results showed a 1.3% infection rate in rodents (15 of 1161), while <i>Leptospira</i> was detected in 10.2% of water samples (42 of 413) and 23.1% of soil samples (30 of 130). Diverse <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> strains circulated among rodents, and three groups of naturally circulating <i>Leptospira</i> strains were detected in environmental reservoirs. These findings underscore <i>Leptospira</i>’s survival and transmission potential within exercise sites, informing Force Health Protection (FHP) decisions. By integrating pre-exercise data on primary hosts and environmental reservoirs with historical local outbreak records and research on risk factors, this study identifies key areas for public health intervention and potential mitigation strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/29leptospirosisrodent populationsenvironmental reservoirsone healthsurveillance programrisk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Panadda Krairojananan Kasima Wasuworawong Surachai Leepitakrat Taweesak Monkanna Elizabeth W. Wanja Silas A. Davidson Betty K. Poole-Smith Patrick W. McCardle Alyssa Mann Erica J. Lindroth Leptospirosis Risk Assessment in Rodent Populations and Environmental Reservoirs in Humanitarian Aid Settings in Thailand Microorganisms leptospirosis rodent populations environmental reservoirs one health surveillance program risk assessment |
| title | Leptospirosis Risk Assessment in Rodent Populations and Environmental Reservoirs in Humanitarian Aid Settings in Thailand |
| title_full | Leptospirosis Risk Assessment in Rodent Populations and Environmental Reservoirs in Humanitarian Aid Settings in Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Leptospirosis Risk Assessment in Rodent Populations and Environmental Reservoirs in Humanitarian Aid Settings in Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leptospirosis Risk Assessment in Rodent Populations and Environmental Reservoirs in Humanitarian Aid Settings in Thailand |
| title_short | Leptospirosis Risk Assessment in Rodent Populations and Environmental Reservoirs in Humanitarian Aid Settings in Thailand |
| title_sort | leptospirosis risk assessment in rodent populations and environmental reservoirs in humanitarian aid settings in thailand |
| topic | leptospirosis rodent populations environmental reservoirs one health surveillance program risk assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/29 |
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