Distinct Neutralising and Complement-Fixing Antibody Responses Can Be Induced to the Same Antigen in Haemodialysis Patients After Immunisation with Different Vaccine Platforms
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Generalised immune dysfunction in chronic kidney disease, especially in patients requiring haemodialysis (HD), significantly enhances the risk of severe infections. Vaccine-induced immunity is typically reduced in HD populations. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prov...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/7 |
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| author | Nadezhda Wall Rachel Lamerton Fiona Ashford Marisol Perez-Toledo Aleksandra Jasiulewicz Gemma D. Banham Maddy L. Newby Sian E. Faustini Alex G. Richter Haresh Selvaskandan Roseanne E. Billany Sherna F. Adenwalla Ian R. Henderson Max Crispin Matthew Graham-Brown Lorraine Harper Adam F. Cunningham |
| author_facet | Nadezhda Wall Rachel Lamerton Fiona Ashford Marisol Perez-Toledo Aleksandra Jasiulewicz Gemma D. Banham Maddy L. Newby Sian E. Faustini Alex G. Richter Haresh Selvaskandan Roseanne E. Billany Sherna F. Adenwalla Ian R. Henderson Max Crispin Matthew Graham-Brown Lorraine Harper Adam F. Cunningham |
| author_sort | Nadezhda Wall |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Generalised immune dysfunction in chronic kidney disease, especially in patients requiring haemodialysis (HD), significantly enhances the risk of severe infections. Vaccine-induced immunity is typically reduced in HD populations. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic provided an opportunity to examine the magnitude and functionality of antibody responses in HD patients to a previously unencountered antigen—Spike (S)-glycoprotein—after vaccination with different vaccine platforms (viral vector (VV); mRNA (mRV)). <b>Methods:</b> We compared the total and functional anti-S antibody responses (cross-variant neutralisation and complement binding) in 187 HD patients and 43 healthy controls 21–28 days after serial immunisation. <b>Results</b>: After 2 doses of the same vaccine, HD patients had anti-S antibody levels and a complement binding capacity comparable to controls. However, 2 doses of mRV induced greater polyfunctional antibody responses than VV (defined by the presence of both complement binding and cross-variant neutralisation activity). Interestingly, an mRV boost after 2 doses of VV significantly enhanced antibody functionality in HD patients without a prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. <b>Conclusions</b>: HD patients can generate near-normal, functional antigen-specific antibody responses following serial vaccination to a novel antigen. Encouragingly, exploiting immunological memory by using mRNA vaccines and boosting may improve the success of vaccination strategies in this vulnerable patient population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6985c68e2f6d42dc969b76d238fa96fe |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-6985c68e2f6d42dc969b76d238fa96fe2025-01-24T13:51:38ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-12-01131710.3390/vaccines13010007Distinct Neutralising and Complement-Fixing Antibody Responses Can Be Induced to the Same Antigen in Haemodialysis Patients After Immunisation with Different Vaccine PlatformsNadezhda Wall0Rachel Lamerton1Fiona Ashford2Marisol Perez-Toledo3Aleksandra Jasiulewicz4Gemma D. Banham5Maddy L. Newby6Sian E. Faustini7Alex G. Richter8Haresh Selvaskandan9Roseanne E. Billany10Sherna F. Adenwalla11Ian R. Henderson12Max Crispin13Matthew Graham-Brown14Lorraine Harper15Adam F. Cunningham16Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKInstitute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UKDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, AustraliaSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKInstitute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Generalised immune dysfunction in chronic kidney disease, especially in patients requiring haemodialysis (HD), significantly enhances the risk of severe infections. Vaccine-induced immunity is typically reduced in HD populations. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic provided an opportunity to examine the magnitude and functionality of antibody responses in HD patients to a previously unencountered antigen—Spike (S)-glycoprotein—after vaccination with different vaccine platforms (viral vector (VV); mRNA (mRV)). <b>Methods:</b> We compared the total and functional anti-S antibody responses (cross-variant neutralisation and complement binding) in 187 HD patients and 43 healthy controls 21–28 days after serial immunisation. <b>Results</b>: After 2 doses of the same vaccine, HD patients had anti-S antibody levels and a complement binding capacity comparable to controls. However, 2 doses of mRV induced greater polyfunctional antibody responses than VV (defined by the presence of both complement binding and cross-variant neutralisation activity). Interestingly, an mRV boost after 2 doses of VV significantly enhanced antibody functionality in HD patients without a prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. <b>Conclusions</b>: HD patients can generate near-normal, functional antigen-specific antibody responses following serial vaccination to a novel antigen. Encouragingly, exploiting immunological memory by using mRNA vaccines and boosting may improve the success of vaccination strategies in this vulnerable patient population.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/7haemodialysisantibodyimmune responsesSARS-CoV-2vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Nadezhda Wall Rachel Lamerton Fiona Ashford Marisol Perez-Toledo Aleksandra Jasiulewicz Gemma D. Banham Maddy L. Newby Sian E. Faustini Alex G. Richter Haresh Selvaskandan Roseanne E. Billany Sherna F. Adenwalla Ian R. Henderson Max Crispin Matthew Graham-Brown Lorraine Harper Adam F. Cunningham Distinct Neutralising and Complement-Fixing Antibody Responses Can Be Induced to the Same Antigen in Haemodialysis Patients After Immunisation with Different Vaccine Platforms Vaccines haemodialysis antibody immune responses SARS-CoV-2 vaccine |
| title | Distinct Neutralising and Complement-Fixing Antibody Responses Can Be Induced to the Same Antigen in Haemodialysis Patients After Immunisation with Different Vaccine Platforms |
| title_full | Distinct Neutralising and Complement-Fixing Antibody Responses Can Be Induced to the Same Antigen in Haemodialysis Patients After Immunisation with Different Vaccine Platforms |
| title_fullStr | Distinct Neutralising and Complement-Fixing Antibody Responses Can Be Induced to the Same Antigen in Haemodialysis Patients After Immunisation with Different Vaccine Platforms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distinct Neutralising and Complement-Fixing Antibody Responses Can Be Induced to the Same Antigen in Haemodialysis Patients After Immunisation with Different Vaccine Platforms |
| title_short | Distinct Neutralising and Complement-Fixing Antibody Responses Can Be Induced to the Same Antigen in Haemodialysis Patients After Immunisation with Different Vaccine Platforms |
| title_sort | distinct neutralising and complement fixing antibody responses can be induced to the same antigen in haemodialysis patients after immunisation with different vaccine platforms |
| topic | haemodialysis antibody immune responses SARS-CoV-2 vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/7 |
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