Fluoride-induced testicular and ovarian toxicity: evidence from animal studies
Abstract Fluoride (F), as a natural element found in a wide range of sources such as water and certain foods, has been proven to be beneficial in preventing dental caries, but concerns have been raised regarding its potential deleterious effects on overall health. Sodium fluoride (NaF), another form...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Biological Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-025-00586-6 |
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| author | Seyedeh Fahimeh Talebi Mohammad Seify Ramji Kumar Bhandari Hamed Shoorei Shahram Dabiri Oskuei |
| author_facet | Seyedeh Fahimeh Talebi Mohammad Seify Ramji Kumar Bhandari Hamed Shoorei Shahram Dabiri Oskuei |
| author_sort | Seyedeh Fahimeh Talebi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Fluoride (F), as a natural element found in a wide range of sources such as water and certain foods, has been proven to be beneficial in preventing dental caries, but concerns have been raised regarding its potential deleterious effects on overall health. Sodium fluoride (NaF), another form of F, has the ability to accumulate in reproductive organs and interfere with hormonal regulation and oxidative stress pathways, contributing to reproductive toxicity. While the exact mechanisms of F-induced reproductive toxicity are not fully understood, this review aims to elucidate the mechanisms involved in testicular and ovarian injury. In males, F exposure at different doses has been associated with reduced testis weight, reduced sperm quality in terms of count, motility, and viability, as well as abnormal sperm morphology and disruption of seminiferous tubules by altering hormone levels (especially testosterone), impairing spermatogenesis, and inducing oxidative stress and zinc deficiency. Similarly, administration of F can impact female reproductive health by affecting ovarian function, hormone levels, oocyte quality, and the regularity of the estrous cycle. However, the impact of F exposure on LH, FSH, and GnRH levels is controversial between males and females. In both males and females, F exerts its adverse effects by triggering apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction in ATP synthesis, and modulation of important genes involved in steroidogenesis. Furthermore, genetic susceptibility and individual variations in F metabolism may contribute to different responses to fluoride exposure. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-696ec36201724d9285aa05c14ce855a1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0717-6287 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biological Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-696ec36201724d9285aa05c14ce855a12025-01-26T12:15:51ZengBMCBiological Research0717-62872025-01-0158111910.1186/s40659-025-00586-6Fluoride-induced testicular and ovarian toxicity: evidence from animal studiesSeyedeh Fahimeh Talebi0Mohammad Seify1Ramji Kumar Bhandari2Hamed Shoorei3Shahram Dabiri Oskuei4Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical SciencesResearch and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesDivision of Biological Sciences, University of MissouriDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesClinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesAbstract Fluoride (F), as a natural element found in a wide range of sources such as water and certain foods, has been proven to be beneficial in preventing dental caries, but concerns have been raised regarding its potential deleterious effects on overall health. Sodium fluoride (NaF), another form of F, has the ability to accumulate in reproductive organs and interfere with hormonal regulation and oxidative stress pathways, contributing to reproductive toxicity. While the exact mechanisms of F-induced reproductive toxicity are not fully understood, this review aims to elucidate the mechanisms involved in testicular and ovarian injury. In males, F exposure at different doses has been associated with reduced testis weight, reduced sperm quality in terms of count, motility, and viability, as well as abnormal sperm morphology and disruption of seminiferous tubules by altering hormone levels (especially testosterone), impairing spermatogenesis, and inducing oxidative stress and zinc deficiency. Similarly, administration of F can impact female reproductive health by affecting ovarian function, hormone levels, oocyte quality, and the regularity of the estrous cycle. However, the impact of F exposure on LH, FSH, and GnRH levels is controversial between males and females. In both males and females, F exerts its adverse effects by triggering apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction in ATP synthesis, and modulation of important genes involved in steroidogenesis. Furthermore, genetic susceptibility and individual variations in F metabolism may contribute to different responses to fluoride exposure.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-025-00586-6FluorideSodium fluorideTestisOvaryGenesHormones |
| spellingShingle | Seyedeh Fahimeh Talebi Mohammad Seify Ramji Kumar Bhandari Hamed Shoorei Shahram Dabiri Oskuei Fluoride-induced testicular and ovarian toxicity: evidence from animal studies Biological Research Fluoride Sodium fluoride Testis Ovary Genes Hormones |
| title | Fluoride-induced testicular and ovarian toxicity: evidence from animal studies |
| title_full | Fluoride-induced testicular and ovarian toxicity: evidence from animal studies |
| title_fullStr | Fluoride-induced testicular and ovarian toxicity: evidence from animal studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluoride-induced testicular and ovarian toxicity: evidence from animal studies |
| title_short | Fluoride-induced testicular and ovarian toxicity: evidence from animal studies |
| title_sort | fluoride induced testicular and ovarian toxicity evidence from animal studies |
| topic | Fluoride Sodium fluoride Testis Ovary Genes Hormones |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-025-00586-6 |
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