Deer antler velvet (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) promotes fracture healing via partial BMP2-Smad mediated osteoblast differentiation
Abstract Background Cervus elaphus Sibiricus (CES) has been traditionally used in Korean clinics to promote fracture healing based on its function of tonifying the kidneys and strengthening bones. However, experimental data supporting its efficacy are still insufficient. The aim of this study invest...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-024-05426-z |
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| author | Ji Hyang Gu Min-Young Chae Jeong June Choi Thanh Chu Duc Chang Gue Son Eun-Jung Lee |
| author_facet | Ji Hyang Gu Min-Young Chae Jeong June Choi Thanh Chu Duc Chang Gue Son Eun-Jung Lee |
| author_sort | Ji Hyang Gu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Cervus elaphus Sibiricus (CES) has been traditionally used in Korean clinics to promote fracture healing based on its function of tonifying the kidneys and strengthening bones. However, experimental data supporting its efficacy are still insufficient. The aim of this study investigated the bone-union properties of CES in a femoral fracture animal model and its corresponding molecular mechanisms. Methods Fifty-four C57BL/6 male mice underwent femoral shaft fracture by Bonnarens and Einhorn’s method, subsequently receiving a water extract of CES (200 mg/kg/day, daily) for 7 and 14 days. Safranin O staining and immunohistochemistry of the fracture region were conducted against transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and osterix. MG63 cells used to examine the underlying mechanisms of CES focused on BMP2-Smad pathway-related osteogenesis. Results CES administration led to earlier union of the fractured bones, supported by Safranin O staining of the fracture region, demonstrating significantly increased cartilage formation day on 7 and a rapidly decreased cartilage area due to callus formation day on 14. CES administration also significantly upregulated the expression of TGF-β1 day 7, BMP 2, and osterix day 14 at the fracture site and also up-regulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and the phosphorylation of Smad in MG63 cells. Conclusions CES promotes fracture healing by promoting osteoblastogenesis via a partial BMP2-Smad pathway. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-695b8828921f41a7bbe493fd90914dd0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1749-799X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-695b8828921f41a7bbe493fd90914dd02025-01-26T12:43:30ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2025-01-0120111210.1186/s13018-024-05426-zDeer antler velvet (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) promotes fracture healing via partial BMP2-Smad mediated osteoblast differentiationJi Hyang Gu0Min-Young Chae1Jeong June Choi2Thanh Chu Duc3Chang Gue Son4Eun-Jung Lee5Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon UniversityDepartment of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon UniversityLaboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon UniversityCollege of Pharmacy, Chungnam National UniversityInstitute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Dunsan Hospital of Daejeon UniversityDepartment of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon UniversityAbstract Background Cervus elaphus Sibiricus (CES) has been traditionally used in Korean clinics to promote fracture healing based on its function of tonifying the kidneys and strengthening bones. However, experimental data supporting its efficacy are still insufficient. The aim of this study investigated the bone-union properties of CES in a femoral fracture animal model and its corresponding molecular mechanisms. Methods Fifty-four C57BL/6 male mice underwent femoral shaft fracture by Bonnarens and Einhorn’s method, subsequently receiving a water extract of CES (200 mg/kg/day, daily) for 7 and 14 days. Safranin O staining and immunohistochemistry of the fracture region were conducted against transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and osterix. MG63 cells used to examine the underlying mechanisms of CES focused on BMP2-Smad pathway-related osteogenesis. Results CES administration led to earlier union of the fractured bones, supported by Safranin O staining of the fracture region, demonstrating significantly increased cartilage formation day on 7 and a rapidly decreased cartilage area due to callus formation day on 14. CES administration also significantly upregulated the expression of TGF-β1 day 7, BMP 2, and osterix day 14 at the fracture site and also up-regulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and the phosphorylation of Smad in MG63 cells. Conclusions CES promotes fracture healing by promoting osteoblastogenesis via a partial BMP2-Smad pathway.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-024-05426-zCervus elaphus sibiricusFracture healingOsteoblastBMP-2/Smad signaling pathway |
| spellingShingle | Ji Hyang Gu Min-Young Chae Jeong June Choi Thanh Chu Duc Chang Gue Son Eun-Jung Lee Deer antler velvet (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) promotes fracture healing via partial BMP2-Smad mediated osteoblast differentiation Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research Cervus elaphus sibiricus Fracture healing Osteoblast BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway |
| title | Deer antler velvet (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) promotes fracture healing via partial BMP2-Smad mediated osteoblast differentiation |
| title_full | Deer antler velvet (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) promotes fracture healing via partial BMP2-Smad mediated osteoblast differentiation |
| title_fullStr | Deer antler velvet (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) promotes fracture healing via partial BMP2-Smad mediated osteoblast differentiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deer antler velvet (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) promotes fracture healing via partial BMP2-Smad mediated osteoblast differentiation |
| title_short | Deer antler velvet (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) promotes fracture healing via partial BMP2-Smad mediated osteoblast differentiation |
| title_sort | deer antler velvet cervus elaphus sibiricus promotes fracture healing via partial bmp2 smad mediated osteoblast differentiation |
| topic | Cervus elaphus sibiricus Fracture healing Osteoblast BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-024-05426-z |
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