Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism in Male Persons with Diabetes Mellitus
Aims. To characterize hypogonadism in male persons with diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods. 184 consecutive male persons with diabetes were studied. Besides the usual care, total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), FSH, and LH were measured in the last appointment and in 40 patients, also in the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8799537 |
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| author | João Martin Martins Mafalda de Pina Jorge Catarina Martins Maia João Roque Carlos Lemos Daniel Nunes Dinis Reis Catarina Mota |
| author_facet | João Martin Martins Mafalda de Pina Jorge Catarina Martins Maia João Roque Carlos Lemos Daniel Nunes Dinis Reis Catarina Mota |
| author_sort | João Martin Martins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aims. To characterize hypogonadism in male persons with diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods. 184 consecutive male persons with diabetes were studied. Besides the usual care, total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), FSH, and LH were measured in the last appointment and in 40 patients, also in the next two appointments. Statistical analysis compared groups and explored factors for TT and LH levels. Results. TT levels were stable and highly correlated (r > 0.750, p<0.001) over a 6–12-month period. 20% of the patients presented secondary hypogonadism (SH) and 18% presented primary hypogonadism (PH). SH was inversely related to HbA1 (partial r (rp) = 0.229, p<0.005), while PH was directly related to age (r = 0.356, p<0.001). TT levels were reduced independently by metformin (364 ± 160 vs. 431 ± 242 ng/dL, t = 2.241, p<0.05) and statins (359 ± 156 vs. 424 ± 230 ng/dl, t = 2.224, p<0.05). TT levels were inversely related to microvascular disease (rp = −0.169, p<0.05). Discussion. TT levels were stable over time and hypogonadism was common. SH, generally clinically, is related to the diabetic state, while PH, generally subclinically, is an age-dependent process unrelated to diabetes. Low TT levels were related to older age, poor metabolic control, metformin and statins use, and microvascular disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-69454a60729340188bf2daac6893d217 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8337 1687-8345 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-69454a60729340188bf2daac6893d2172025-02-03T05:48:11ZengWileyInternational Journal of Endocrinology1687-83371687-83452021-01-01202110.1155/2021/87995378799537Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism in Male Persons with Diabetes MellitusJoão Martin Martins0Mafalda de Pina Jorge1Catarina Martins Maia2João Roque3Carlos Lemos4Daniel Nunes5Dinis Reis6Catarina Mota7Endocrine Department, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, PortugalEndocrine University Clinic, Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon, PortugalInternal Medicine Department, Jacobi Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USAEndocrine Department, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, PortugalClinical Pathology Department, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, PortugalClinical Pathology Department, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, PortugalEndocrine Department, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, PortugalInternal Medicine Department, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, PortugalAims. To characterize hypogonadism in male persons with diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods. 184 consecutive male persons with diabetes were studied. Besides the usual care, total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), FSH, and LH were measured in the last appointment and in 40 patients, also in the next two appointments. Statistical analysis compared groups and explored factors for TT and LH levels. Results. TT levels were stable and highly correlated (r > 0.750, p<0.001) over a 6–12-month period. 20% of the patients presented secondary hypogonadism (SH) and 18% presented primary hypogonadism (PH). SH was inversely related to HbA1 (partial r (rp) = 0.229, p<0.005), while PH was directly related to age (r = 0.356, p<0.001). TT levels were reduced independently by metformin (364 ± 160 vs. 431 ± 242 ng/dL, t = 2.241, p<0.05) and statins (359 ± 156 vs. 424 ± 230 ng/dl, t = 2.224, p<0.05). TT levels were inversely related to microvascular disease (rp = −0.169, p<0.05). Discussion. TT levels were stable over time and hypogonadism was common. SH, generally clinically, is related to the diabetic state, while PH, generally subclinically, is an age-dependent process unrelated to diabetes. Low TT levels were related to older age, poor metabolic control, metformin and statins use, and microvascular disease.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8799537 |
| spellingShingle | João Martin Martins Mafalda de Pina Jorge Catarina Martins Maia João Roque Carlos Lemos Daniel Nunes Dinis Reis Catarina Mota Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism in Male Persons with Diabetes Mellitus International Journal of Endocrinology |
| title | Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism in Male Persons with Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full | Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism in Male Persons with Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism in Male Persons with Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism in Male Persons with Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_short | Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism in Male Persons with Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_sort | primary and secondary hypogonadism in male persons with diabetes mellitus |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8799537 |
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