Unveiling the Role of <i>GhP5CS1</i> in Cotton Salt Stress Tolerance: A Comprehensive Genomic and Functional Analysis of <i>P5CS</i> Genes
Proline, a critical osmoregulatory compound, is integral to various plant stress responses. The <i>P5CS</i> gene, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in proline biosynthesis, known as ∆1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, is fundamental to these stress response pathways. While the fu...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Hui Fang Xin Gao Yunhao Wu Ke Zhang Ying Wu Junyi Li Dongmei Qian Ruochen Li Haijing Gu Teame Gereziher Mehari Xinlian Shen Baohua Wang |
| author_facet | Hui Fang Xin Gao Yunhao Wu Ke Zhang Ying Wu Junyi Li Dongmei Qian Ruochen Li Haijing Gu Teame Gereziher Mehari Xinlian Shen Baohua Wang |
| author_sort | Hui Fang |
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| description | Proline, a critical osmoregulatory compound, is integral to various plant stress responses. The <i>P5CS</i> gene, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in proline biosynthesis, known as ∆1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, is fundamental to these stress response pathways. While the functions of <i>P5CS</i> genes in plants have been extensively documented, their specific roles in cotton remain inadequately characterized. In this study, we identified 40 <i>P5CS</i> genes across four cotton species with diverse sequence lengths and molecular weights. Phylogenetic analysis of 100 <i>P5CS</i> genes from nine species revealed three subgroups, with <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> closely related to <i>Gossypium barbadense</i>. Collinearity analysis highlighted significant differences in collinear gene pairs, indicating evolutionary divergence among <i>P5CS</i> genes in tetraploid and diploid cotton. Exon–intron structures and conserved motifs correlated with phylogenetic relationships, suggesting functional differentiation. Stress-responsive elements in <i>P5CS</i> promoters suggest involvement in abiotic stress. Expression analysis under salt stress revealed differential expressions of <i>GhP5CS</i> genes, with <i>GhP5CS1</i> emerging as a potential key regulator. Virus-induced gene silencing confirmed the pivotal role of <i>GhP5CS1</i> in cotton’s salt stress response, as evidenced by increased salt sensitivity in the silenced plants. This study enhances our understanding of the functional diversity and roles of <i>P5CS</i> genes in cotton under stress conditions. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6929e54d2c3d43dc9b556bc8bb2fadcf2025-01-24T13:46:51ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114223110.3390/plants14020231Unveiling the Role of <i>GhP5CS1</i> in Cotton Salt Stress Tolerance: A Comprehensive Genomic and Functional Analysis of <i>P5CS</i> GenesHui Fang0Xin Gao1Yunhao Wu2Ke Zhang3Ying Wu4Junyi Li5Dongmei Qian6Ruochen Li7Haijing Gu8Teame Gereziher Mehari9Xinlian Shen10Baohua Wang11Institute of Modern Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaInstitute of Modern Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaInstitute of Modern Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaInstitute of Modern Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaInstitute of Modern Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaInstitute of Modern Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaInstitute of Modern Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaInstitute of Modern Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaInstitute of Modern Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaInstitute of Modern Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed (Nanjing) of the Ministry of Agriculture, The Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaInstitute of Modern Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaProline, a critical osmoregulatory compound, is integral to various plant stress responses. The <i>P5CS</i> gene, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in proline biosynthesis, known as ∆1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, is fundamental to these stress response pathways. While the functions of <i>P5CS</i> genes in plants have been extensively documented, their specific roles in cotton remain inadequately characterized. In this study, we identified 40 <i>P5CS</i> genes across four cotton species with diverse sequence lengths and molecular weights. Phylogenetic analysis of 100 <i>P5CS</i> genes from nine species revealed three subgroups, with <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> closely related to <i>Gossypium barbadense</i>. Collinearity analysis highlighted significant differences in collinear gene pairs, indicating evolutionary divergence among <i>P5CS</i> genes in tetraploid and diploid cotton. Exon–intron structures and conserved motifs correlated with phylogenetic relationships, suggesting functional differentiation. Stress-responsive elements in <i>P5CS</i> promoters suggest involvement in abiotic stress. Expression analysis under salt stress revealed differential expressions of <i>GhP5CS</i> genes, with <i>GhP5CS1</i> emerging as a potential key regulator. Virus-induced gene silencing confirmed the pivotal role of <i>GhP5CS1</i> in cotton’s salt stress response, as evidenced by increased salt sensitivity in the silenced plants. This study enhances our understanding of the functional diversity and roles of <i>P5CS</i> genes in cotton under stress conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/231cotton genomics<i>P5CS</i> gene family<i>GhP5CS1</i> functionsalt stressprolinevirus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) |
| spellingShingle | Hui Fang Xin Gao Yunhao Wu Ke Zhang Ying Wu Junyi Li Dongmei Qian Ruochen Li Haijing Gu Teame Gereziher Mehari Xinlian Shen Baohua Wang Unveiling the Role of <i>GhP5CS1</i> in Cotton Salt Stress Tolerance: A Comprehensive Genomic and Functional Analysis of <i>P5CS</i> Genes Plants cotton genomics <i>P5CS</i> gene family <i>GhP5CS1</i> function salt stress proline virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) |
| title | Unveiling the Role of <i>GhP5CS1</i> in Cotton Salt Stress Tolerance: A Comprehensive Genomic and Functional Analysis of <i>P5CS</i> Genes |
| title_full | Unveiling the Role of <i>GhP5CS1</i> in Cotton Salt Stress Tolerance: A Comprehensive Genomic and Functional Analysis of <i>P5CS</i> Genes |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling the Role of <i>GhP5CS1</i> in Cotton Salt Stress Tolerance: A Comprehensive Genomic and Functional Analysis of <i>P5CS</i> Genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling the Role of <i>GhP5CS1</i> in Cotton Salt Stress Tolerance: A Comprehensive Genomic and Functional Analysis of <i>P5CS</i> Genes |
| title_short | Unveiling the Role of <i>GhP5CS1</i> in Cotton Salt Stress Tolerance: A Comprehensive Genomic and Functional Analysis of <i>P5CS</i> Genes |
| title_sort | unveiling the role of i ghp5cs1 i in cotton salt stress tolerance a comprehensive genomic and functional analysis of i p5cs i genes |
| topic | cotton genomics <i>P5CS</i> gene family <i>GhP5CS1</i> function salt stress proline virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/231 |
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