Changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Endocan (ESM-1) Levels as a Potential Biomarker After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Periodontitis Patients
<b>Background</b>: This study aimed to investigate endocan (ESM-1) levels in periodontitis patients before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment by analyzing the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/5/1159 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850127375016132608 |
|---|---|
| author | Bilge Karci Kevser Sokmen |
| author_facet | Bilge Karci Kevser Sokmen |
| author_sort | Bilge Karci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background</b>: This study aimed to investigate endocan (ESM-1) levels in periodontitis patients before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment by analyzing the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). <b>Methods</b>: This study included 26 periodontally healthy people as controls (Group 1) and 27 patients with Stage III-Grade B periodontitis (Group 2). Demographic and periodontal variables were assessed. GCF samples were collected from every subject both before and 6 weeks following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test, biomarker levels were determined. <b>Results</b>: The periodontitis patients showed higher ESM-1 levels than the controls, although the difference was not significant (<i>p</i> > 0.005). The ESM-1 levels decreased significantly after treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.001). The VEGF-A levels did not differ significantly between the periodontitis patients and controls (<i>p</i> > 0.005) and decreased non-significantly following treatment (<i>p</i> > 0.005). The TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis patients than the controls (<i>p</i> = 0.000) and decreased significantly after treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.000). A significant correlation was found between TNF-α and both probing depth (PD) and interproximal clinical attachment level (iCAL) in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the periodontitis group, the VEGF levels were significantly correlated with the gingival index (GI) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant correlations were identified between ESM-1 and VEGF-A and ESM-1 and TNF-α, as well as VEGF-A and TNF-α, in both the control group and following treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>: ESM-1 and TNF-α levels decreased with non-surgical periodontal treatment in GCF. Within the limits of the study, the findings suggest that ESM-1 levels in periodontal tissues may be an indicator of periodontal disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-691f19e2fa4e4f5a88b859de0a90a9f1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-691f19e2fa4e4f5a88b859de0a90a9f12025-08-20T02:33:40ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-05-01135115910.3390/biomedicines13051159Changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Endocan (ESM-1) Levels as a Potential Biomarker After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Periodontitis PatientsBilge Karci0Kevser Sokmen1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, 07400 Alanya, TürkiyeDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, 07400 Alanya, Türkiye<b>Background</b>: This study aimed to investigate endocan (ESM-1) levels in periodontitis patients before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment by analyzing the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). <b>Methods</b>: This study included 26 periodontally healthy people as controls (Group 1) and 27 patients with Stage III-Grade B periodontitis (Group 2). Demographic and periodontal variables were assessed. GCF samples were collected from every subject both before and 6 weeks following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test, biomarker levels were determined. <b>Results</b>: The periodontitis patients showed higher ESM-1 levels than the controls, although the difference was not significant (<i>p</i> > 0.005). The ESM-1 levels decreased significantly after treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.001). The VEGF-A levels did not differ significantly between the periodontitis patients and controls (<i>p</i> > 0.005) and decreased non-significantly following treatment (<i>p</i> > 0.005). The TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis patients than the controls (<i>p</i> = 0.000) and decreased significantly after treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.000). A significant correlation was found between TNF-α and both probing depth (PD) and interproximal clinical attachment level (iCAL) in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the periodontitis group, the VEGF levels were significantly correlated with the gingival index (GI) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant correlations were identified between ESM-1 and VEGF-A and ESM-1 and TNF-α, as well as VEGF-A and TNF-α, in both the control group and following treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>: ESM-1 and TNF-α levels decreased with non-surgical periodontal treatment in GCF. Within the limits of the study, the findings suggest that ESM-1 levels in periodontal tissues may be an indicator of periodontal disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/5/1159endocanESM-1periodontitisvascular endothelial growth factor Atumor necrosis factor-alphagingival crevicular fluid |
| spellingShingle | Bilge Karci Kevser Sokmen Changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Endocan (ESM-1) Levels as a Potential Biomarker After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Periodontitis Patients Biomedicines endocan ESM-1 periodontitis vascular endothelial growth factor A tumor necrosis factor-alpha gingival crevicular fluid |
| title | Changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Endocan (ESM-1) Levels as a Potential Biomarker After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Periodontitis Patients |
| title_full | Changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Endocan (ESM-1) Levels as a Potential Biomarker After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Periodontitis Patients |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Endocan (ESM-1) Levels as a Potential Biomarker After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Periodontitis Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Endocan (ESM-1) Levels as a Potential Biomarker After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Periodontitis Patients |
| title_short | Changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Endocan (ESM-1) Levels as a Potential Biomarker After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Periodontitis Patients |
| title_sort | changes in gingival crevicular fluid endocan esm 1 levels as a potential biomarker after non surgical periodontal treatment in periodontitis patients |
| topic | endocan ESM-1 periodontitis vascular endothelial growth factor A tumor necrosis factor-alpha gingival crevicular fluid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/5/1159 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bilgekarci changesingingivalcrevicularfluidendocanesm1levelsasapotentialbiomarkerafternonsurgicalperiodontaltreatmentinperiodontitispatients AT kevsersokmen changesingingivalcrevicularfluidendocanesm1levelsasapotentialbiomarkerafternonsurgicalperiodontaltreatmentinperiodontitispatients |