Nuclear Hyperfine Mixing Effect in Highly Charged <sup>205</sup>Pb Ions
In highly charged ions, significant nuclear hyperfine mixing (NHM) effects can arise when the electromagnetic field generated by the electrons interacts strongly with the nucleus, leading to mixing of nuclear states. While previous studies have primarily attributed the NHM effect to unpaired valence...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Wu Wang Yong Li Xu Wang |
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| description | In highly charged ions, significant nuclear hyperfine mixing (NHM) effects can arise when the electromagnetic field generated by the electrons interacts strongly with the nucleus, leading to mixing of nuclear states. While previous studies have primarily attributed the NHM effect to unpaired valence electrons, we present a reformulation of the theoretical framework using dressed hyperfine states and investigate the NHM effect in <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>76+</sup>, <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>75+</sup>, <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>74+</sup>, and <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>73+</sup> ions. Our numerical results show that significant NHM effects occurred in all of the studied ions, even in the absence of unpaired valence electrons in <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>76+</sup> and <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>74+</sup>. We found that the lifetime of the isomeric state was reduced by 2–4 orders of magnitude compared with the bare <sup>205</sup>Pb nucleus, depending on the charge state of the ion. These results indicate that it is the active valence electrons rather than unpaired electrons which play a key role in the NHM effect, thereby deepening our understanding of this phenomenon. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-68ef6ddea33a46c5b4000ebbb6792aa72025-01-24T13:22:05ZengMDPI AGAtoms2218-20042025-01-01131210.3390/atoms13010002Nuclear Hyperfine Mixing Effect in Highly Charged <sup>205</sup>Pb IonsWu Wang0Yong Li1Xu Wang2Center for Theoretical Physics & School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaCenter for Theoretical Physics & School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaGraduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, ChinaIn highly charged ions, significant nuclear hyperfine mixing (NHM) effects can arise when the electromagnetic field generated by the electrons interacts strongly with the nucleus, leading to mixing of nuclear states. While previous studies have primarily attributed the NHM effect to unpaired valence electrons, we present a reformulation of the theoretical framework using dressed hyperfine states and investigate the NHM effect in <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>76+</sup>, <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>75+</sup>, <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>74+</sup>, and <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>73+</sup> ions. Our numerical results show that significant NHM effects occurred in all of the studied ions, even in the absence of unpaired valence electrons in <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>76+</sup> and <sup>205</sup>Pb<sup>74+</sup>. We found that the lifetime of the isomeric state was reduced by 2–4 orders of magnitude compared with the bare <sup>205</sup>Pb nucleus, depending on the charge state of the ion. These results indicate that it is the active valence electrons rather than unpaired electrons which play a key role in the NHM effect, thereby deepening our understanding of this phenomenon.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/13/1/2nuclear hyperfine mixinghighly charged ionsatomic structure and spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Wu Wang Yong Li Xu Wang Nuclear Hyperfine Mixing Effect in Highly Charged <sup>205</sup>Pb Ions Atoms nuclear hyperfine mixing highly charged ions atomic structure and spectroscopy |
| title | Nuclear Hyperfine Mixing Effect in Highly Charged <sup>205</sup>Pb Ions |
| title_full | Nuclear Hyperfine Mixing Effect in Highly Charged <sup>205</sup>Pb Ions |
| title_fullStr | Nuclear Hyperfine Mixing Effect in Highly Charged <sup>205</sup>Pb Ions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nuclear Hyperfine Mixing Effect in Highly Charged <sup>205</sup>Pb Ions |
| title_short | Nuclear Hyperfine Mixing Effect in Highly Charged <sup>205</sup>Pb Ions |
| title_sort | nuclear hyperfine mixing effect in highly charged sup 205 sup pb ions |
| topic | nuclear hyperfine mixing highly charged ions atomic structure and spectroscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/13/1/2 |
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