A cross-sectional study of the mental health burden among COVID-19 survivors
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, including stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aimed to assess the incidence and severity of mental health issues among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. Methods: A semi-stru...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_105_23 |
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| author | Arvind Nongpiur Bhupen Barman Kimberly Syiem Andreecia Mn Mawiong Naveen Anand Arvind Nune |
| author_facet | Arvind Nongpiur Bhupen Barman Kimberly Syiem Andreecia Mn Mawiong Naveen Anand Arvind Nune |
| author_sort | Arvind Nongpiur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, including stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aimed to assess the incidence and severity of mental health issues among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 infection.
Methods:
A semi-structured proforma for socio-demographic and clinical parameters was used to collect cross-sectional hospital-based data of subjects who tested positive for COVID-19 infection. The Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used to assess the presence of physical, psychological, and cognitive symptoms. The presence of anxiety, depression, and stress was based on the cut-off scores for HADS-A (≥8), HADS-D (≥8), and PSS (≥14), respectively.
Results:
A total of 101 patients comprising 39 (38.6%) males were recruited. Compared to nuclear families, we observed that patients living in joint families had significantly greater severity scores for fatigue [MFIS (p = 0.04)], anxiety [HADS-A (p = 0.004)], depression [HADS-D (p = 0.004)], and stress [PSS (p = 0.02)]. Based on the cut-off scores, we found that 44 (43.6%) patient had anxiety, 41 (40.6%) had depressive, and 72 (71.3%) had moderate to high stress symptoms, respectively. We also observed significantly greater fatigue and anxiety scores, that is, MFIS (p = 0.008) and HADS-A (p = 0.03) in those who received oxygen therapy compared to those who did not. The subjects who received corticosteroids were older (p = 0.01) and had significantly higher stress scores [PSS (p < 0.001)]. The study showed that patients who were assessed more than 3 months post-COVID-19 infection had higher fatigue and depression scores; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance (MFIS P = 0.058; HADS P = 0.059).
Conclusion:
Our study confirms that COVID-19 infection can cause various adverse mental health issues. Mitigating the hazardous effects of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health should be a top priority for public health to prevent long-term complications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-68eb4b25b41f4e0289e413e730415d0d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0019-5545 1998-3794 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj-art-68eb4b25b41f4e0289e413e730415d0d2025-01-22T14:56:11ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Psychiatry0019-55451998-37942023-06-0165666166610.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_105_23A cross-sectional study of the mental health burden among COVID-19 survivorsArvind NongpiurBhupen BarmanKimberly SyiemAndreecia Mn MawiongNaveen AnandArvind NuneIntroduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, including stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aimed to assess the incidence and severity of mental health issues among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. Methods: A semi-structured proforma for socio-demographic and clinical parameters was used to collect cross-sectional hospital-based data of subjects who tested positive for COVID-19 infection. The Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used to assess the presence of physical, psychological, and cognitive symptoms. The presence of anxiety, depression, and stress was based on the cut-off scores for HADS-A (≥8), HADS-D (≥8), and PSS (≥14), respectively. Results: A total of 101 patients comprising 39 (38.6%) males were recruited. Compared to nuclear families, we observed that patients living in joint families had significantly greater severity scores for fatigue [MFIS (p = 0.04)], anxiety [HADS-A (p = 0.004)], depression [HADS-D (p = 0.004)], and stress [PSS (p = 0.02)]. Based on the cut-off scores, we found that 44 (43.6%) patient had anxiety, 41 (40.6%) had depressive, and 72 (71.3%) had moderate to high stress symptoms, respectively. We also observed significantly greater fatigue and anxiety scores, that is, MFIS (p = 0.008) and HADS-A (p = 0.03) in those who received oxygen therapy compared to those who did not. The subjects who received corticosteroids were older (p = 0.01) and had significantly higher stress scores [PSS (p < 0.001)]. The study showed that patients who were assessed more than 3 months post-COVID-19 infection had higher fatigue and depression scores; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance (MFIS P = 0.058; HADS P = 0.059). Conclusion: Our study confirms that COVID-19 infection can cause various adverse mental health issues. Mitigating the hazardous effects of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health should be a top priority for public health to prevent long-term complications.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_105_23covid-19 pandemicdepressionlong covidmental healthpost-covid-19 conditionsars cov-2 infection |
| spellingShingle | Arvind Nongpiur Bhupen Barman Kimberly Syiem Andreecia Mn Mawiong Naveen Anand Arvind Nune A cross-sectional study of the mental health burden among COVID-19 survivors Indian Journal of Psychiatry covid-19 pandemic depression long covid mental health post-covid-19 condition sars cov-2 infection |
| title | A cross-sectional study of the mental health burden among COVID-19 survivors |
| title_full | A cross-sectional study of the mental health burden among COVID-19 survivors |
| title_fullStr | A cross-sectional study of the mental health burden among COVID-19 survivors |
| title_full_unstemmed | A cross-sectional study of the mental health burden among COVID-19 survivors |
| title_short | A cross-sectional study of the mental health burden among COVID-19 survivors |
| title_sort | cross sectional study of the mental health burden among covid 19 survivors |
| topic | covid-19 pandemic depression long covid mental health post-covid-19 condition sars cov-2 infection |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_105_23 |
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