Immunological assessment and homogeneity of commercial inactivated bivalent Newcastle and avian influenza H9N2 vaccines in broilers

Our study aimed to evaluate the immune response of 7 types of bivalent inactivated vaccines. 225 chicks were distributed into 9 groups, groups from 1 to 7; vaccinated on 1 day with different doses of these vaccines against Newcastle Disease Virus-Avian Influenza Virus-H9N2 subcutaneously according t...

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Main Authors: Zena T. Younis, Fanar A. Isihak
Format: Article
Language:Arabic
Published: University of Mosul, College of Veterinary Medicine 2025-07-01
Series:Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.vetmedmosul.com/article_187760_f3e9c825060e90761a10dfd6ad51fb54.pdf
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author Zena T. Younis
Fanar A. Isihak
author_facet Zena T. Younis
Fanar A. Isihak
author_sort Zena T. Younis
collection DOAJ
description Our study aimed to evaluate the immune response of 7 types of bivalent inactivated vaccines. 225 chicks were distributed into 9 groups, groups from 1 to 7; vaccinated on 1 day with different doses of these vaccines against Newcastle Disease Virus-Avian Influenza Virus-H9N2 subcutaneously according to the direction of producers as follows: G1 vaccinated by PRO-VACTM AINK. G2 immunized by Poul Shot® flu H9N2+ ND. G3 received QVAC ND-H9. G4 injected with MEFLUVACTM H9ND7. G5 was immunized with CEVAC® NEW FLU H9 K. G6 received Nobilis N9H2+ND P. G7 was vaccinated with Gallimune. G8 was considered as the positive control group, while G9 was a negative control group. Subsequently, all groups of the experiment except (G9) were vaccinated by eye drop with the live attenuated vaccine (Nobilis® ND Clone-30) at 1 and 14-day-old chicks. The results of the ELISA and HI tests of antibodies titer to ND antigen have varied between groups, and the high titer was observed in G3 and G2 at 28 and 35 days. The lowest and highest titers were detected in G6 and G4 when these titers were measured by general and specific ELISA for AI. Most of the vaccinated groups (G1 to G7) revealed high to moderate expression of CD19 memory B-cells by immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, most of the tested vaccines in this research gave a sufficient number of antibodies to ND antigen, whereas, in contrast to the AI antigen, many of these vaccines demonstrated a weak antibodies response, except with the G6 vaccine.
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spelling doaj-art-68da907395594965b6ad32219cda3b052025-08-20T02:39:40ZaraUniversity of Mosul, College of Veterinary MedicineIraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences1607-38942071-12552025-07-0139350151010.33899/ijvs.2025.157626.4136187760Immunological assessment and homogeneity of commercial inactivated bivalent Newcastle and avian influenza H9N2 vaccines in broilersZena T. Younis0Fanar A. Isihak1Poultry Division, Nineveh Veterinary Hospital, Mosul, IraqDepartment of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, IraqOur study aimed to evaluate the immune response of 7 types of bivalent inactivated vaccines. 225 chicks were distributed into 9 groups, groups from 1 to 7; vaccinated on 1 day with different doses of these vaccines against Newcastle Disease Virus-Avian Influenza Virus-H9N2 subcutaneously according to the direction of producers as follows: G1 vaccinated by PRO-VACTM AINK. G2 immunized by Poul Shot® flu H9N2+ ND. G3 received QVAC ND-H9. G4 injected with MEFLUVACTM H9ND7. G5 was immunized with CEVAC® NEW FLU H9 K. G6 received Nobilis N9H2+ND P. G7 was vaccinated with Gallimune. G8 was considered as the positive control group, while G9 was a negative control group. Subsequently, all groups of the experiment except (G9) were vaccinated by eye drop with the live attenuated vaccine (Nobilis® ND Clone-30) at 1 and 14-day-old chicks. The results of the ELISA and HI tests of antibodies titer to ND antigen have varied between groups, and the high titer was observed in G3 and G2 at 28 and 35 days. The lowest and highest titers were detected in G6 and G4 when these titers were measured by general and specific ELISA for AI. Most of the vaccinated groups (G1 to G7) revealed high to moderate expression of CD19 memory B-cells by immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, most of the tested vaccines in this research gave a sufficient number of antibodies to ND antigen, whereas, in contrast to the AI antigen, many of these vaccines demonstrated a weak antibodies response, except with the G6 vaccine.https://www.vetmedmosul.com/article_187760_f3e9c825060e90761a10dfd6ad51fb54.pdfimmunityantibodiesvaccinationimmunogenicity
spellingShingle Zena T. Younis
Fanar A. Isihak
Immunological assessment and homogeneity of commercial inactivated bivalent Newcastle and avian influenza H9N2 vaccines in broilers
Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences
immunity
antibodies
vaccination
immunogenicity
title Immunological assessment and homogeneity of commercial inactivated bivalent Newcastle and avian influenza H9N2 vaccines in broilers
title_full Immunological assessment and homogeneity of commercial inactivated bivalent Newcastle and avian influenza H9N2 vaccines in broilers
title_fullStr Immunological assessment and homogeneity of commercial inactivated bivalent Newcastle and avian influenza H9N2 vaccines in broilers
title_full_unstemmed Immunological assessment and homogeneity of commercial inactivated bivalent Newcastle and avian influenza H9N2 vaccines in broilers
title_short Immunological assessment and homogeneity of commercial inactivated bivalent Newcastle and avian influenza H9N2 vaccines in broilers
title_sort immunological assessment and homogeneity of commercial inactivated bivalent newcastle and avian influenza h9n2 vaccines in broilers
topic immunity
antibodies
vaccination
immunogenicity
url https://www.vetmedmosul.com/article_187760_f3e9c825060e90761a10dfd6ad51fb54.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT zenatyounis immunologicalassessmentandhomogeneityofcommercialinactivatedbivalentnewcastleandavianinfluenzah9n2vaccinesinbroilers
AT fanaraisihak immunologicalassessmentandhomogeneityofcommercialinactivatedbivalentnewcastleandavianinfluenzah9n2vaccinesinbroilers