RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of Oroxylum indicum on hepatocellular carcinoma via the P53 and VEGF pathways based on microfluidic chips
Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), abbreviated as liver cancer, is one of the most common cancers in clinics. HCC has a wider spread and higher incidence due to its high malignancy and metastasis. In HCC, effective strategies to block cancer cell migration, invasion, and neovascular...
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BMC
2023-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04217-z |
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| author | Xi Luo Miao Zhao Sicong Liu Yi Zheng Qiang Zhang Yong-rui Bao Shuai Wang Tian-jiao Li Xian-sheng Meng |
| author_facet | Xi Luo Miao Zhao Sicong Liu Yi Zheng Qiang Zhang Yong-rui Bao Shuai Wang Tian-jiao Li Xian-sheng Meng |
| author_sort | Xi Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), abbreviated as liver cancer, is one of the most common cancers in clinics. HCC has a wider spread and higher incidence due to its high malignancy and metastasis. In HCC, effective strategies to block cancer cell migration, invasion, and neovascularization need to be further studied. Consumption of flavonoid-rich Oroxylum indicum (OI) has been associated with multiple beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, but the potential effects on HCC have not been thoroughly investigated. Objective In this study, we aimed to reveal the effect of OI on HCC and its potential mechanism through microfluidic technology. Methods We designed microfluidic chips for cell migration, invasion, and neovascularization to evaluate the effect of OI on HepG2 cells. To further explore the mechanism of its anti-liver cancer action, the relevant signaling pathways were studied by microfluidic chips, RT‒qPCR and immunofluorescence techniques. Compared to the control group, cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis were significantly reduced in each administration group. According to the P53 and VEGF pathways predicted by network pharmacology, RT‒qPCR and immunofluorescence staining experiments were conducted. Results The results showed that OI upregulated the expression of Bax, P53 and Caspase-3 and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and MDM2. It has been speculated that OI may directly or indirectly induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells by regulating apoptosis-related genes. OI blocks the VEGF signaling pathway by downregulating the expression levels of VEGF, HIF-1α and EGFR and inhibits the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells and the formation of new blood vessels. Conclusion Our findings suggest that OI may inhibit the migration, invasion, and neovascularization of HepG2 cells, and its regulatory mechanism may be related to the regulation of the P53 and VEGF pathways. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-68d89189157a438cb3daa66910f9ed3a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2662-7671 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
| spelling | doaj-art-68d89189157a438cb3daa66910f9ed3a2025-01-26T12:15:17ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712023-11-0123111810.1186/s12906-023-04217-zRETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of Oroxylum indicum on hepatocellular carcinoma via the P53 and VEGF pathways based on microfluidic chipsXi Luo0Miao Zhao1Sicong Liu2Yi Zheng3Qiang Zhang4Yong-rui Bao5Shuai Wang6Tian-jiao Li7Xian-sheng Meng8College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineAbstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), abbreviated as liver cancer, is one of the most common cancers in clinics. HCC has a wider spread and higher incidence due to its high malignancy and metastasis. In HCC, effective strategies to block cancer cell migration, invasion, and neovascularization need to be further studied. Consumption of flavonoid-rich Oroxylum indicum (OI) has been associated with multiple beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, but the potential effects on HCC have not been thoroughly investigated. Objective In this study, we aimed to reveal the effect of OI on HCC and its potential mechanism through microfluidic technology. Methods We designed microfluidic chips for cell migration, invasion, and neovascularization to evaluate the effect of OI on HepG2 cells. To further explore the mechanism of its anti-liver cancer action, the relevant signaling pathways were studied by microfluidic chips, RT‒qPCR and immunofluorescence techniques. Compared to the control group, cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis were significantly reduced in each administration group. According to the P53 and VEGF pathways predicted by network pharmacology, RT‒qPCR and immunofluorescence staining experiments were conducted. Results The results showed that OI upregulated the expression of Bax, P53 and Caspase-3 and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and MDM2. It has been speculated that OI may directly or indirectly induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells by regulating apoptosis-related genes. OI blocks the VEGF signaling pathway by downregulating the expression levels of VEGF, HIF-1α and EGFR and inhibits the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells and the formation of new blood vessels. Conclusion Our findings suggest that OI may inhibit the migration, invasion, and neovascularization of HepG2 cells, and its regulatory mechanism may be related to the regulation of the P53 and VEGF pathways.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04217-zOroxylum indicumMicrofluidic chipAnti-liver cancerHUVECHepG2 |
| spellingShingle | Xi Luo Miao Zhao Sicong Liu Yi Zheng Qiang Zhang Yong-rui Bao Shuai Wang Tian-jiao Li Xian-sheng Meng RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of Oroxylum indicum on hepatocellular carcinoma via the P53 and VEGF pathways based on microfluidic chips BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Oroxylum indicum Microfluidic chip Anti-liver cancer HUVEC HepG2 |
| title | RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of Oroxylum indicum on hepatocellular carcinoma via the P53 and VEGF pathways based on microfluidic chips |
| title_full | RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of Oroxylum indicum on hepatocellular carcinoma via the P53 and VEGF pathways based on microfluidic chips |
| title_fullStr | RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of Oroxylum indicum on hepatocellular carcinoma via the P53 and VEGF pathways based on microfluidic chips |
| title_full_unstemmed | RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of Oroxylum indicum on hepatocellular carcinoma via the P53 and VEGF pathways based on microfluidic chips |
| title_short | RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of Oroxylum indicum on hepatocellular carcinoma via the P53 and VEGF pathways based on microfluidic chips |
| title_sort | retracted article effect of oroxylum indicum on hepatocellular carcinoma via the p53 and vegf pathways based on microfluidic chips |
| topic | Oroxylum indicum Microfluidic chip Anti-liver cancer HUVEC HepG2 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04217-z |
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