Investigation of the mechanical properties of 3D printed hollow parts with finite element analysis

3D-printed parts with hollow cavities can substantially reduce manufacturing costs. However, the introduction of hollow cavities into the structure significantly influences the mechanical performance of 3D-printed components. Finite element analysis (FEA) can assist in developing simulation models t...

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Main Authors: Yasith S. Perera, Oliver Exley, S.A. Vimukthi Dananjaya, Nethmi Hansika, Chamil Abeykoon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425012591
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author Yasith S. Perera
Oliver Exley
S.A. Vimukthi Dananjaya
Nethmi Hansika
Chamil Abeykoon
author_facet Yasith S. Perera
Oliver Exley
S.A. Vimukthi Dananjaya
Nethmi Hansika
Chamil Abeykoon
author_sort Yasith S. Perera
collection DOAJ
description 3D-printed parts with hollow cavities can substantially reduce manufacturing costs. However, the introduction of hollow cavities into the structure significantly influences the mechanical performance of 3D-printed components. Finite element analysis (FEA) can assist in developing simulation models to predict the mechanical properties before physically printing the parts. This allows choosing an appropriate cavity structure and size to print parts with optimised mechanical properties. In this study, FEA models were developed to simulate tensile and bending tests for 3D-printed parts with hollow cavities. The models were validated using experimental data of parts constructed with polylactic acid, and the results confirmed that the models could accurately predict the mechanical properties within the elastic and plastic deformation regions. The Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), flexural modulus, and ultimate flexural strength predicted by the simulation models were within 16 %, 0.2 %, 15 %, and 7 % of the experimentally observed values, respectively, indicating a good level of accuracy. The validated models were then used to predict and compare the mechanical performance of 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene parts with hexagonal, square, and circular cavity structures with 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % hollowness levels. The hexagonal cavity structure was found to have the best overall mechanical properties, followed by the square structure, with the hexagonal structure exhibiting its highest Young's modulus of 767.4 MPa and the highest UTS of 22.6 MPa at the 30 % and 10 % hollowness levels, respectively. The stiffness of the circular structure was found to decrease with increasing hollowness level, with a 33.3 % drop in stiffness at the 30 % hollowness level, compared to that of the solid sample. However, at the 10 % hollowness level, the circular structure was found to be stiffer in bending than other cavity structures. The findings of this study offer insights into optimising the internal cavity structure and size to enhance the mechanical properties of 3D-printed hollow parts for a given application, which also allows saving material, energy, and time.
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publisher Elsevier
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spelling doaj-art-68a095d7e5ca4e78ae73e2ef2ba8f6662025-08-20T02:25:35ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-05-01368826883910.1016/j.jmrt.2025.05.104Investigation of the mechanical properties of 3D printed hollow parts with finite element analysisYasith S. Perera0Oliver Exley1S.A. Vimukthi Dananjaya2Nethmi Hansika3Chamil Abeykoon4Northwest Composites Centre and Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UKNorthwest Composites Centre and Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UKSchool of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, AustraliaDepartment of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Open University, Nawala, Sri LankaNorthwest Composites Centre and Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK; Corresponding author.3D-printed parts with hollow cavities can substantially reduce manufacturing costs. However, the introduction of hollow cavities into the structure significantly influences the mechanical performance of 3D-printed components. Finite element analysis (FEA) can assist in developing simulation models to predict the mechanical properties before physically printing the parts. This allows choosing an appropriate cavity structure and size to print parts with optimised mechanical properties. In this study, FEA models were developed to simulate tensile and bending tests for 3D-printed parts with hollow cavities. The models were validated using experimental data of parts constructed with polylactic acid, and the results confirmed that the models could accurately predict the mechanical properties within the elastic and plastic deformation regions. The Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), flexural modulus, and ultimate flexural strength predicted by the simulation models were within 16 %, 0.2 %, 15 %, and 7 % of the experimentally observed values, respectively, indicating a good level of accuracy. The validated models were then used to predict and compare the mechanical performance of 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene parts with hexagonal, square, and circular cavity structures with 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % hollowness levels. The hexagonal cavity structure was found to have the best overall mechanical properties, followed by the square structure, with the hexagonal structure exhibiting its highest Young's modulus of 767.4 MPa and the highest UTS of 22.6 MPa at the 30 % and 10 % hollowness levels, respectively. The stiffness of the circular structure was found to decrease with increasing hollowness level, with a 33.3 % drop in stiffness at the 30 % hollowness level, compared to that of the solid sample. However, at the 10 % hollowness level, the circular structure was found to be stiffer in bending than other cavity structures. The findings of this study offer insights into optimising the internal cavity structure and size to enhance the mechanical properties of 3D-printed hollow parts for a given application, which also allows saving material, energy, and time.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425012591Finite element analysis3D printingHollow structuresMechanical propertiesAdditive manufacturingSimulation
spellingShingle Yasith S. Perera
Oliver Exley
S.A. Vimukthi Dananjaya
Nethmi Hansika
Chamil Abeykoon
Investigation of the mechanical properties of 3D printed hollow parts with finite element analysis
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Finite element analysis
3D printing
Hollow structures
Mechanical properties
Additive manufacturing
Simulation
title Investigation of the mechanical properties of 3D printed hollow parts with finite element analysis
title_full Investigation of the mechanical properties of 3D printed hollow parts with finite element analysis
title_fullStr Investigation of the mechanical properties of 3D printed hollow parts with finite element analysis
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of the mechanical properties of 3D printed hollow parts with finite element analysis
title_short Investigation of the mechanical properties of 3D printed hollow parts with finite element analysis
title_sort investigation of the mechanical properties of 3d printed hollow parts with finite element analysis
topic Finite element analysis
3D printing
Hollow structures
Mechanical properties
Additive manufacturing
Simulation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425012591
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AT savimukthidananjaya investigationofthemechanicalpropertiesof3dprintedhollowpartswithfiniteelementanalysis
AT nethmihansika investigationofthemechanicalpropertiesof3dprintedhollowpartswithfiniteelementanalysis
AT chamilabeykoon investigationofthemechanicalpropertiesof3dprintedhollowpartswithfiniteelementanalysis