Oral Immunisation With Non‐GMO Surface Displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Epitopes on Bacteria‐Like Particles Provokes Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, and Modulated the Gut Microbiome in Mice
ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a fatal disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). To date, several vaccines have been developed to combat the spread of this virus. Mucosal vaccines using food‐grade bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp., are pr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Microbial Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70073 |
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| author | Robie Vasquez Ji Hoon Song Remilyn M. Mendoza In‐Chan Hwang Bernadette B. Bagon Lars Engstrand Valerie Diane Valeriano Dae‐Kyung Kang |
| author_facet | Robie Vasquez Ji Hoon Song Remilyn M. Mendoza In‐Chan Hwang Bernadette B. Bagon Lars Engstrand Valerie Diane Valeriano Dae‐Kyung Kang |
| author_sort | Robie Vasquez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a fatal disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). To date, several vaccines have been developed to combat the spread of this virus. Mucosal vaccines using food‐grade bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp., are promising strategies for developing safe and effective vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2. In this study, we designed a non‐GMO surface‐displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1 epitope on Limosilactobacillus fermentum‐derived bacteria‐like particles (BLPs). After that, we evaluated its efficacy to induce immune responses in immunocompetent mice. Moreover, we examined the influence of oral immunisation on the gut microbiome and microbiota metabolites. Twenty‐eight 6‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice were orally immunised with the following: PBS (control), Lm. fermentum‐derived BLPs only, BLPs displaying SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1‐2, or BLPs displaying SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1‐3 epitopes. Our results showed that mucosal immunisation of mice with surface‐displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 spike epitopes provoked high‐level secretory IgA and systemic IgG production. Moreover, the immunisation exhibited a Th1‐like immune response, characterised by an elevated IgG2a‐to‐IgG1 ratio and high antiviral IFN‐γ production. In addition, we observed gut microbiome modulation and increased butyrate production in immunised mice. Overall, the use of Lm. fermentum‐derived BLPs and the anchor CshA to display SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1epitopes is a promising novel strategy in developing a cost‐effective, non‐GMO mucosal vaccine alternative against SARS‐CoV‐2. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-689e9535c170453b9db14d6f8dee6ccc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1751-7915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbial Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-689e9535c170453b9db14d6f8dee6ccc2025-01-31T06:26:35ZengWileyMicrobial Biotechnology1751-79152025-01-01181n/an/a10.1111/1751-7915.70073Oral Immunisation With Non‐GMO Surface Displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Epitopes on Bacteria‐Like Particles Provokes Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, and Modulated the Gut Microbiome in MiceRobie Vasquez0Ji Hoon Song1Remilyn M. Mendoza2In‐Chan Hwang3Bernadette B. Bagon4Lars Engstrand5Valerie Diane Valeriano6Dae‐Kyung Kang7Department of Animal Biotechnology Dankook University Cheonan KoreaDepartment of Animal Biotechnology Dankook University Cheonan KoreaDepartment of Animal Biotechnology Dankook University Cheonan KoreaDepartment of Animal Biotechnology Dankook University Cheonan KoreaDepartment of Animal Biotechnology Dankook University Cheonan KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SwedenDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SwedenDepartment of Animal Biotechnology Dankook University Cheonan KoreaABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a fatal disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). To date, several vaccines have been developed to combat the spread of this virus. Mucosal vaccines using food‐grade bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp., are promising strategies for developing safe and effective vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2. In this study, we designed a non‐GMO surface‐displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1 epitope on Limosilactobacillus fermentum‐derived bacteria‐like particles (BLPs). After that, we evaluated its efficacy to induce immune responses in immunocompetent mice. Moreover, we examined the influence of oral immunisation on the gut microbiome and microbiota metabolites. Twenty‐eight 6‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice were orally immunised with the following: PBS (control), Lm. fermentum‐derived BLPs only, BLPs displaying SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1‐2, or BLPs displaying SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1‐3 epitopes. Our results showed that mucosal immunisation of mice with surface‐displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 spike epitopes provoked high‐level secretory IgA and systemic IgG production. Moreover, the immunisation exhibited a Th1‐like immune response, characterised by an elevated IgG2a‐to‐IgG1 ratio and high antiviral IFN‐γ production. In addition, we observed gut microbiome modulation and increased butyrate production in immunised mice. Overall, the use of Lm. fermentum‐derived BLPs and the anchor CshA to display SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1epitopes is a promising novel strategy in developing a cost‐effective, non‐GMO mucosal vaccine alternative against SARS‐CoV‐2.https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70073bacteria‐like particlesCOVID‐19immune responselactobacillusmicrobiomemucosal vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Robie Vasquez Ji Hoon Song Remilyn M. Mendoza In‐Chan Hwang Bernadette B. Bagon Lars Engstrand Valerie Diane Valeriano Dae‐Kyung Kang Oral Immunisation With Non‐GMO Surface Displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Epitopes on Bacteria‐Like Particles Provokes Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, and Modulated the Gut Microbiome in Mice Microbial Biotechnology bacteria‐like particles COVID‐19 immune response lactobacillus microbiome mucosal vaccine |
| title | Oral Immunisation With Non‐GMO Surface Displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Epitopes on Bacteria‐Like Particles Provokes Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, and Modulated the Gut Microbiome in Mice |
| title_full | Oral Immunisation With Non‐GMO Surface Displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Epitopes on Bacteria‐Like Particles Provokes Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, and Modulated the Gut Microbiome in Mice |
| title_fullStr | Oral Immunisation With Non‐GMO Surface Displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Epitopes on Bacteria‐Like Particles Provokes Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, and Modulated the Gut Microbiome in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oral Immunisation With Non‐GMO Surface Displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Epitopes on Bacteria‐Like Particles Provokes Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, and Modulated the Gut Microbiome in Mice |
| title_short | Oral Immunisation With Non‐GMO Surface Displayed SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Epitopes on Bacteria‐Like Particles Provokes Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, and Modulated the Gut Microbiome in Mice |
| title_sort | oral immunisation with non gmo surface displayed sars cov 2 spike epitopes on bacteria like particles provokes robust humoral and cellular immune responses and modulated the gut microbiome in mice |
| topic | bacteria‐like particles COVID‐19 immune response lactobacillus microbiome mucosal vaccine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70073 |
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