An aquaria set‐up for long‐term, multiple‐stressor research in marine organisms

Abstract Multiple stressor research in aquaria is a useful approach to better understand the ecophysiology of marine species under different environmental conditions, including global change scenarios. Long‐term experiments are helpful to detect the response of sustained exposure to selected environ...

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Main Authors: Cristina Gutiérrez‐Zárate, Alfredo Veiga, Andrea Gori, Fabián Gerpe, Leo Domínguez, Alberto Rodríguez, Noelia Arias, Marta Álvarez, Rubén Acerbi, Lucía Vázquez, Juancho Movilla, Marta M. Varela, Rodrigo Alba‐Salgueiro, Joaquín Valencia‐Vila, Covadonga Orejas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-02-01
Series:Methods in Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14488
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author Cristina Gutiérrez‐Zárate
Alfredo Veiga
Andrea Gori
Fabián Gerpe
Leo Domínguez
Alberto Rodríguez
Noelia Arias
Marta Álvarez
Rubén Acerbi
Lucía Vázquez
Juancho Movilla
Marta M. Varela
Rodrigo Alba‐Salgueiro
Joaquín Valencia‐Vila
Covadonga Orejas
author_facet Cristina Gutiérrez‐Zárate
Alfredo Veiga
Andrea Gori
Fabián Gerpe
Leo Domínguez
Alberto Rodríguez
Noelia Arias
Marta Álvarez
Rubén Acerbi
Lucía Vázquez
Juancho Movilla
Marta M. Varela
Rodrigo Alba‐Salgueiro
Joaquín Valencia‐Vila
Covadonga Orejas
author_sort Cristina Gutiérrez‐Zárate
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Multiple stressor research in aquaria is a useful approach to better understand the ecophysiology of marine species under different environmental conditions, including global change scenarios. Long‐term experiments are helpful to detect the response of sustained exposure to selected environmental conditions. Here, we present an experimental set‐up suitable to run long‐term experiments, composed of a life support system, a cost‐effective aquaria set‐up and an open‐source controller based on the use of a Raspberry Pi. In this set‐up, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) are individually manipulated and simultaneously controlled in eight different treatments. To prove the efficacy of the set‐up, we provide an assessment over a nine‐month experiment on a deep‐sea coral species, combining values from current in situ and IPCC AR5 RCP 8.5 scenarios for the aforementioned parameters. Recorded data from the controllers and independent measurements (e.g. cross‐checking with portable multiparameter devices and laboratory analyses) throughout the experimental time have been analysed and results have been discussed. Overall, the experimental set‐up performed well, proving the stability of the parameters over time, both individually and in combination. On average, low and high‐temperature treatments varied ~0.4 and 0.3°C, respectively. Low pH treatments were maintained within 0.05 pH units, whereas ambient pH treatments varied ~0.04 pH units. Low DO treatments had a variation of ~0.3 mg L−1, and ambient DO treatments varied ~0.2 mg L−1. No significant differences between scenarios for any parameter were detected (p < 0.05). The resulting programming code to read, control and register the values for these parameters is provided to contribute to its replicability across institutions. The set‐up performed well over extensive periods while providing a customisable controller as a cost‐effective alternative. The versatility of the system, allowing to work with different species, environments and scenarios makes it valuable for aquaria experiments where interactions of multiple environmental factors need to be tested.
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spelling doaj-art-68361b7fd42c4c408da08b0d528d9d5c2025-02-05T05:43:20ZengWileyMethods in Ecology and Evolution2041-210X2025-02-0116241442610.1111/2041-210X.14488An aquaria set‐up for long‐term, multiple‐stressor research in marine organismsCristina Gutiérrez‐Zárate0Alfredo Veiga1Andrea Gori2Fabián Gerpe3Leo Domínguez4Alberto Rodríguez5Noelia Arias6Marta Álvarez7Rubén Acerbi8Lucía Vázquez9Juancho Movilla10Marta M. Varela11Rodrigo Alba‐Salgueiro12Joaquín Valencia‐Vila13Covadonga Orejas14Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, IEO‐CSIC Spanish Institute of Oceanography Gijón SpainAquarium Finisterrae, Concello da Coruña A Coruña SpainDepartament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona SpainAquarium Finisterrae, Concello da Coruña A Coruña SpainAquarium Finisterrae, Concello da Coruña A Coruña SpainAquarium Finisterrae, Concello da Coruña A Coruña SpainAquarium Finisterrae, Concello da Coruña A Coruña SpainCentro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, IEO‐CSIC Spanish Institute of Oceanography A Coruña SpainCentro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, IEO‐CSIC Spanish Institute of Oceanography A Coruña SpainCentro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, IEO‐CSIC Spanish Institute of Oceanography A Coruña SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Baleares, IEO‐CSIC, Estació d'Investigació Jaume Ferrer Spanish Institute of Oceanography Maó SpainCentro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, IEO‐CSIC Spanish Institute of Oceanography A Coruña SpainCentro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, IEO‐CSIC Spanish Institute of Oceanography A Coruña SpainCentro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, IEO‐CSIC Spanish Institute of Oceanography A Coruña SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Gijón, IEO‐CSIC Spanish Institute of Oceanography Gijón SpainAbstract Multiple stressor research in aquaria is a useful approach to better understand the ecophysiology of marine species under different environmental conditions, including global change scenarios. Long‐term experiments are helpful to detect the response of sustained exposure to selected environmental conditions. Here, we present an experimental set‐up suitable to run long‐term experiments, composed of a life support system, a cost‐effective aquaria set‐up and an open‐source controller based on the use of a Raspberry Pi. In this set‐up, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) are individually manipulated and simultaneously controlled in eight different treatments. To prove the efficacy of the set‐up, we provide an assessment over a nine‐month experiment on a deep‐sea coral species, combining values from current in situ and IPCC AR5 RCP 8.5 scenarios for the aforementioned parameters. Recorded data from the controllers and independent measurements (e.g. cross‐checking with portable multiparameter devices and laboratory analyses) throughout the experimental time have been analysed and results have been discussed. Overall, the experimental set‐up performed well, proving the stability of the parameters over time, both individually and in combination. On average, low and high‐temperature treatments varied ~0.4 and 0.3°C, respectively. Low pH treatments were maintained within 0.05 pH units, whereas ambient pH treatments varied ~0.04 pH units. Low DO treatments had a variation of ~0.3 mg L−1, and ambient DO treatments varied ~0.2 mg L−1. No significant differences between scenarios for any parameter were detected (p < 0.05). The resulting programming code to read, control and register the values for these parameters is provided to contribute to its replicability across institutions. The set‐up performed well over extensive periods while providing a customisable controller as a cost‐effective alternative. The versatility of the system, allowing to work with different species, environments and scenarios makes it valuable for aquaria experiments where interactions of multiple environmental factors need to be tested.https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14488aquaria set‐upcold‐water coralscost‐effective controllerflow‐through systemglobal changemarine organisms
spellingShingle Cristina Gutiérrez‐Zárate
Alfredo Veiga
Andrea Gori
Fabián Gerpe
Leo Domínguez
Alberto Rodríguez
Noelia Arias
Marta Álvarez
Rubén Acerbi
Lucía Vázquez
Juancho Movilla
Marta M. Varela
Rodrigo Alba‐Salgueiro
Joaquín Valencia‐Vila
Covadonga Orejas
An aquaria set‐up for long‐term, multiple‐stressor research in marine organisms
Methods in Ecology and Evolution
aquaria set‐up
cold‐water corals
cost‐effective controller
flow‐through system
global change
marine organisms
title An aquaria set‐up for long‐term, multiple‐stressor research in marine organisms
title_full An aquaria set‐up for long‐term, multiple‐stressor research in marine organisms
title_fullStr An aquaria set‐up for long‐term, multiple‐stressor research in marine organisms
title_full_unstemmed An aquaria set‐up for long‐term, multiple‐stressor research in marine organisms
title_short An aquaria set‐up for long‐term, multiple‐stressor research in marine organisms
title_sort aquaria set up for long term multiple stressor research in marine organisms
topic aquaria set‐up
cold‐water corals
cost‐effective controller
flow‐through system
global change
marine organisms
url https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14488
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