Advanced In Vitro Models for Preclinical Drug Safety: Recent Progress and Prospects
The majority of drugs are typically orally administered. The journey from drug discovery to approval is often long and expensive, involving multiple stages. A major challenge in the drug development process is drug-induced liver injury (DILI), a condition that affects the liver, the organ responsibl...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/1/7 |
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| author | Dileep G. Nair Ralf Weiskirchen |
| author_facet | Dileep G. Nair Ralf Weiskirchen |
| author_sort | Dileep G. Nair |
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| description | The majority of drugs are typically orally administered. The journey from drug discovery to approval is often long and expensive, involving multiple stages. A major challenge in the drug development process is drug-induced liver injury (DILI), a condition that affects the liver, the organ responsible for metabolizing most drugs. Traditionally, identifying DILI risk has been difficult due to the poor correlation between preclinical animal models and in vitro systems. Differences in physiology between humans and animals or cell lines contribute to the failure of many drug programs during clinical trials. The use of advanced in vitro systems that closely mimic human physiology, such as organ-on-a-chip models like gut–liver-on-a-chip, can be crucial in improving drug efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Additionally, the adaptation of these technologies has the potential to significantly reduce both the time and cost associated with obtaining safe drug approvals, all while adhering to the 3Rs principle (replacement, reduction, refinement). In this review, we discuss the significance, current status, and future prospects of advanced platforms, specifically organ-on-a-chip models, in supporting preclinical drug discovery. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-66d56dbfc29a4399b889d6145e30a45e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1467-3037 1467-3045 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-66d56dbfc29a4399b889d6145e30a45e2025-01-24T13:27:22ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452024-12-01471710.3390/cimb47010007Advanced In Vitro Models for Preclinical Drug Safety: Recent Progress and ProspectsDileep G. Nair0Ralf Weiskirchen1Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, GermanyThe majority of drugs are typically orally administered. The journey from drug discovery to approval is often long and expensive, involving multiple stages. A major challenge in the drug development process is drug-induced liver injury (DILI), a condition that affects the liver, the organ responsible for metabolizing most drugs. Traditionally, identifying DILI risk has been difficult due to the poor correlation between preclinical animal models and in vitro systems. Differences in physiology between humans and animals or cell lines contribute to the failure of many drug programs during clinical trials. The use of advanced in vitro systems that closely mimic human physiology, such as organ-on-a-chip models like gut–liver-on-a-chip, can be crucial in improving drug efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Additionally, the adaptation of these technologies has the potential to significantly reduce both the time and cost associated with obtaining safe drug approvals, all while adhering to the 3Rs principle (replacement, reduction, refinement). In this review, we discuss the significance, current status, and future prospects of advanced platforms, specifically organ-on-a-chip models, in supporting preclinical drug discovery.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/1/7OOCorgan-on-a-chipDILIdrug-induced liver injuryAI/MLartificial intelligence and machine learning |
| spellingShingle | Dileep G. Nair Ralf Weiskirchen Advanced In Vitro Models for Preclinical Drug Safety: Recent Progress and Prospects Current Issues in Molecular Biology OOC organ-on-a-chip DILI drug-induced liver injury AI/ML artificial intelligence and machine learning |
| title | Advanced In Vitro Models for Preclinical Drug Safety: Recent Progress and Prospects |
| title_full | Advanced In Vitro Models for Preclinical Drug Safety: Recent Progress and Prospects |
| title_fullStr | Advanced In Vitro Models for Preclinical Drug Safety: Recent Progress and Prospects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advanced In Vitro Models for Preclinical Drug Safety: Recent Progress and Prospects |
| title_short | Advanced In Vitro Models for Preclinical Drug Safety: Recent Progress and Prospects |
| title_sort | advanced in vitro models for preclinical drug safety recent progress and prospects |
| topic | OOC organ-on-a-chip DILI drug-induced liver injury AI/ML artificial intelligence and machine learning |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/1/7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dileepgnair advancedinvitromodelsforpreclinicaldrugsafetyrecentprogressandprospects AT ralfweiskirchen advancedinvitromodelsforpreclinicaldrugsafetyrecentprogressandprospects |