Parasitic infection prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of Cameroon
Background: Parasitic infections are known to suppress the cell mediated immunity that protects against tuberculosis. The status of parasitic infections among bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in Cameroon is not well established. This study aimed at repor...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Parasite Epidemiology and Control |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673125000029 |
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| author | Lucy Cho Nchang Chefor Magha Patience Agwa Fonong Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui Nancielle Mbiatong Tchatat Desmond Akumtoh Nkimbeng Frank Noel Nietcho Juluis Visnel Foyet Fanny Fri Fombad Tatiana Djikeussi Katcho Jerome Fru Cho Achim Hoerauf Manuel Ritter Samuel Wanji |
| author_facet | Lucy Cho Nchang Chefor Magha Patience Agwa Fonong Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui Nancielle Mbiatong Tchatat Desmond Akumtoh Nkimbeng Frank Noel Nietcho Juluis Visnel Foyet Fanny Fri Fombad Tatiana Djikeussi Katcho Jerome Fru Cho Achim Hoerauf Manuel Ritter Samuel Wanji |
| author_sort | Lucy Cho Nchang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Parasitic infections are known to suppress the cell mediated immunity that protects against tuberculosis. The status of parasitic infections among bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in Cameroon is not well established. This study aimed at reporting the status of parasitic infections in TB patients and their household contacts with keen interest in associated risk factors to disease exposure. Methodology: This was a hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study carried out with newly diagnosed active tuberculosis (TB) patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. Socio-demographic data and associated factors were collected using structured questionnaires. Blood, stool, urine and skin snip samples were collected following standard guidelines for investigation of parasitic infections. Descriptive analysis was performed, bivariate analysis was computed and a multivariable analysis was done to provide adjusted odds ratios (AOR). Results: A total of 712 TB patients and 472 household contacts were recruited. The overall prevalence of parasitic infections in TB patients was 25.84 % (184/712) and household contacts was 31.36 % (148/472). Blood protozoan (Plasmodium falciparum) infection among active TB patients (20.22 %) and their household contacts (26.27 %) was the most frequently detected parasitic infection. Loa loa was the predominant helminth species seen among active TB patients while Schistosoma mansoni was the predominant helminth infection detected in household contacts. TB patients and household contacts living in urban areas had lower odds of being associated with helminth infections (AOR 0.2, 95 % CI: 0.10–0.40; p ˂ 0.0001 and AOR 0.11, 95 % CI: 0.04–0.27; p ˂ 0.0001 respectively) as compared to those residing in rural areas. Conclusion: We observed that 31 % of the TB patients and household contacts are infected with parasites including P. falciparum, Loa loa and Since helminths can downregulate immune responses against bacterial infections and thus affect treatment efficacy, we recommend that diagnosis of parasitic infections should be included during TB diagnosis and treatment programmes, especially in rural areas. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-668a3228e562490d9651e45c4c6beaea |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-6731 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Parasite Epidemiology and Control |
| spelling | doaj-art-668a3228e562490d9651e45c4c6beaea2025-02-06T05:12:31ZengElsevierParasite Epidemiology and Control2405-67312025-02-0128e00409Parasitic infection prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of CameroonLucy Cho Nchang0Chefor Magha1Patience Agwa Fonong2Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui3Nancielle Mbiatong Tchatat4Desmond Akumtoh Nkimbeng5Frank Noel Nietcho6Juluis Visnel Foyet7Fanny Fri Fombad8Tatiana Djikeussi Katcho9Jerome Fru Cho10Achim Hoerauf11Manuel Ritter12Samuel Wanji13Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonParasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, CameroonInstitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany; German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, GermanyInstitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany; German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Germany; Correspondence to: Manuel Ritter, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany.Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon; Correspondence to: Samuel Wanji, Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.Background: Parasitic infections are known to suppress the cell mediated immunity that protects against tuberculosis. The status of parasitic infections among bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in Cameroon is not well established. This study aimed at reporting the status of parasitic infections in TB patients and their household contacts with keen interest in associated risk factors to disease exposure. Methodology: This was a hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study carried out with newly diagnosed active tuberculosis (TB) patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. Socio-demographic data and associated factors were collected using structured questionnaires. Blood, stool, urine and skin snip samples were collected following standard guidelines for investigation of parasitic infections. Descriptive analysis was performed, bivariate analysis was computed and a multivariable analysis was done to provide adjusted odds ratios (AOR). Results: A total of 712 TB patients and 472 household contacts were recruited. The overall prevalence of parasitic infections in TB patients was 25.84 % (184/712) and household contacts was 31.36 % (148/472). Blood protozoan (Plasmodium falciparum) infection among active TB patients (20.22 %) and their household contacts (26.27 %) was the most frequently detected parasitic infection. Loa loa was the predominant helminth species seen among active TB patients while Schistosoma mansoni was the predominant helminth infection detected in household contacts. TB patients and household contacts living in urban areas had lower odds of being associated with helminth infections (AOR 0.2, 95 % CI: 0.10–0.40; p ˂ 0.0001 and AOR 0.11, 95 % CI: 0.04–0.27; p ˂ 0.0001 respectively) as compared to those residing in rural areas. Conclusion: We observed that 31 % of the TB patients and household contacts are infected with parasites including P. falciparum, Loa loa and Since helminths can downregulate immune responses against bacterial infections and thus affect treatment efficacy, we recommend that diagnosis of parasitic infections should be included during TB diagnosis and treatment programmes, especially in rural areas.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673125000029Parasitic infectionsTuberculosis patientsHousehold contactsAssociated factors |
| spellingShingle | Lucy Cho Nchang Chefor Magha Patience Agwa Fonong Narcisse Victor Tchamatchoua Gandjui Nancielle Mbiatong Tchatat Desmond Akumtoh Nkimbeng Frank Noel Nietcho Juluis Visnel Foyet Fanny Fri Fombad Tatiana Djikeussi Katcho Jerome Fru Cho Achim Hoerauf Manuel Ritter Samuel Wanji Parasitic infection prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of Cameroon Parasite Epidemiology and Control Parasitic infections Tuberculosis patients Household contacts Associated factors |
| title | Parasitic infection prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of Cameroon |
| title_full | Parasitic infection prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of Cameroon |
| title_fullStr | Parasitic infection prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of Cameroon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parasitic infection prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of Cameroon |
| title_short | Parasitic infection prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of Cameroon |
| title_sort | parasitic infection prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in the littoral region of cameroon |
| topic | Parasitic infections Tuberculosis patients Household contacts Associated factors |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673125000029 |
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