Evaluating the Diagnostic Value of Lymphocyte Subsets in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Peripheral Blood Across Various Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease Subtypes
Diffuse interstitial lung diseases (ILD) include conditions with identifiable causes such as chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), sarcoidosis (SAR), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial pneumonia (CTD), as well as idiopathic interstitial...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/1/122 |
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| author | Sonoko Harada Motoyasu Kato Kazuyuki Nakagome Hitoshi Sasano Yuki Tanabe Tomohito Takeshige Yuuki Sandhu Kei Matsuno Shoko Ueda Sumiko Abe Takayasu Nishimaki Shun Shinomiya Jun Ito Sachiko Miyake Ko Okumura Makoto Nagata Kazuhisa Takahashi Norihiro Harada |
| author_facet | Sonoko Harada Motoyasu Kato Kazuyuki Nakagome Hitoshi Sasano Yuki Tanabe Tomohito Takeshige Yuuki Sandhu Kei Matsuno Shoko Ueda Sumiko Abe Takayasu Nishimaki Shun Shinomiya Jun Ito Sachiko Miyake Ko Okumura Makoto Nagata Kazuhisa Takahashi Norihiro Harada |
| author_sort | Sonoko Harada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diffuse interstitial lung diseases (ILD) include conditions with identifiable causes such as chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), sarcoidosis (SAR), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial pneumonia (CTD), as well as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) of unknown origin. In non-IIP diffuse lung diseases, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid appearance is diagnostic. This study examines lymphocyte subsets in BAL fluid and peripheral blood of 56 patients with diffuse ILD, excluding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), who underwent BAL for diagnostic purposes. Patients were classified into CEP, SAR, CHP, CTD, and IIP groups, and clinical data, BAL cell analysis, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell analysis were compared. Eosinophils and type 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3s) were significantly increased in the BAL fluid of the CEP group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified eosinophils ≥ 8% in BAL cells and ILC3s ≥ 0.0176% in the BAL lymphocyte fraction as thresholds distinguishing CEP. SAR patients exhibited significantly elevated CD4/CD8 ratios in the BAL fluid, with a ratio of 3.95 or higher and type 1 innate lymphoid cell frequency ≥ 0.254% as differentiation markers. High Th1 cell frequency (≥17.4%) in BAL lymphocytes in IIP, elevated serum KL-6 (≥2081 U/mL) and SP-D (≥261 ng/mL) in CHP, and increased BAL neutrophils (≥2.0%) or a low CD4/CD8 ratio (≤1.2) in CTD serve as distinguishing markers for each ILD. Excluding CEP and SAR, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell frequencies, including Th1, Th17, and Treg cells in peripheral blood, may differentiate IIP, CHP, and CTD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-666d29063a4e41cc9d1fe8e143bce55b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-666d29063a4e41cc9d1fe8e143bce55b2025-01-24T13:25:16ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-01-0115112210.3390/biom15010122Evaluating the Diagnostic Value of Lymphocyte Subsets in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Peripheral Blood Across Various Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease SubtypesSonoko Harada0Motoyasu Kato1Kazuyuki Nakagome2Hitoshi Sasano3Yuki Tanabe4Tomohito Takeshige5Yuuki Sandhu6Kei Matsuno7Shoko Ueda8Sumiko Abe9Takayasu Nishimaki10Shun Shinomiya11Jun Ito12Sachiko Miyake13Ko Okumura14Makoto Nagata15Kazuhisa Takahashi16Norihiro Harada17Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0451, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0451, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Immunology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanAtopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0451, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanDiffuse interstitial lung diseases (ILD) include conditions with identifiable causes such as chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), sarcoidosis (SAR), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial pneumonia (CTD), as well as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) of unknown origin. In non-IIP diffuse lung diseases, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid appearance is diagnostic. This study examines lymphocyte subsets in BAL fluid and peripheral blood of 56 patients with diffuse ILD, excluding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), who underwent BAL for diagnostic purposes. Patients were classified into CEP, SAR, CHP, CTD, and IIP groups, and clinical data, BAL cell analysis, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell analysis were compared. Eosinophils and type 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3s) were significantly increased in the BAL fluid of the CEP group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified eosinophils ≥ 8% in BAL cells and ILC3s ≥ 0.0176% in the BAL lymphocyte fraction as thresholds distinguishing CEP. SAR patients exhibited significantly elevated CD4/CD8 ratios in the BAL fluid, with a ratio of 3.95 or higher and type 1 innate lymphoid cell frequency ≥ 0.254% as differentiation markers. High Th1 cell frequency (≥17.4%) in BAL lymphocytes in IIP, elevated serum KL-6 (≥2081 U/mL) and SP-D (≥261 ng/mL) in CHP, and increased BAL neutrophils (≥2.0%) or a low CD4/CD8 ratio (≤1.2) in CTD serve as distinguishing markers for each ILD. Excluding CEP and SAR, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell frequencies, including Th1, Th17, and Treg cells in peripheral blood, may differentiate IIP, CHP, and CTD.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/1/122diffuse interstitial lung diseaseschronic eosinophilic pneumoniasarcoidosisidiopathic interstitial pneumoniachronic hypersensitivity pneumonitisconnective tissue disease-associated interstitial pneumonia |
| spellingShingle | Sonoko Harada Motoyasu Kato Kazuyuki Nakagome Hitoshi Sasano Yuki Tanabe Tomohito Takeshige Yuuki Sandhu Kei Matsuno Shoko Ueda Sumiko Abe Takayasu Nishimaki Shun Shinomiya Jun Ito Sachiko Miyake Ko Okumura Makoto Nagata Kazuhisa Takahashi Norihiro Harada Evaluating the Diagnostic Value of Lymphocyte Subsets in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Peripheral Blood Across Various Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease Subtypes Biomolecules diffuse interstitial lung diseases chronic eosinophilic pneumonia sarcoidosis idiopathic interstitial pneumonia chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis connective tissue disease-associated interstitial pneumonia |
| title | Evaluating the Diagnostic Value of Lymphocyte Subsets in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Peripheral Blood Across Various Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease Subtypes |
| title_full | Evaluating the Diagnostic Value of Lymphocyte Subsets in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Peripheral Blood Across Various Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease Subtypes |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the Diagnostic Value of Lymphocyte Subsets in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Peripheral Blood Across Various Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease Subtypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the Diagnostic Value of Lymphocyte Subsets in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Peripheral Blood Across Various Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease Subtypes |
| title_short | Evaluating the Diagnostic Value of Lymphocyte Subsets in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Peripheral Blood Across Various Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease Subtypes |
| title_sort | evaluating the diagnostic value of lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood across various diffuse interstitial lung disease subtypes |
| topic | diffuse interstitial lung diseases chronic eosinophilic pneumonia sarcoidosis idiopathic interstitial pneumonia chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis connective tissue disease-associated interstitial pneumonia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/1/122 |
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