Optimum Nitrogen and Density Allocation for Trade−Off Between Yield and Lodging Resistance of Winter Wheat
Increasing nitrogen and planting density can enhance crop yield, but it can reduce lodging resistance due to decreased lignin content. There is an urgent need to find feasible measures to balance these conflicting factors. We conducted a two-year field experiment in Tai’an, Shandong Province, China,...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Haitao Liu Shufang Sun Min Jin Chunhui Li Jiayu Wang Haixing Cui Yong Li Zhenlin Wang |
| author_facet | Haitao Liu Shufang Sun Min Jin Chunhui Li Jiayu Wang Haixing Cui Yong Li Zhenlin Wang |
| author_sort | Haitao Liu |
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| description | Increasing nitrogen and planting density can enhance crop yield, but it can reduce lodging resistance due to decreased lignin content. There is an urgent need to find feasible measures to balance these conflicting factors. We conducted a two-year field experiment in Tai’an, Shandong Province, China, evaluated SN23 (lodging resistant) and SN16 (lodging sensitive), under three nitrogen applications (120 kg/ha, N1; 240 kg/ha, N2; 360 kg/ha, N3) and four planting densities (75 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, D1; 225 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, D2; 375 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, D3; 525 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, D4), with N2D2 as the control, and measured lodging resistance related indexes and yield. N2D3 (SN23) increased internode length by 0.40 cm, reduced fresh weight by 0.09 g, resulting in a bending moment reduction of 0.39 g/cm. Lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose decreased by 18.27, 16.48, and 16.22 mg/g DW, while S and G lignin subunits decreased by 118.09 and 127.34 μg/g DW, and H subunit increased by 23.59 μg/g DW. Eventually, the breaking strength was reduced by 1.74 g/cm resulting in a reduction of 0.09 in the lodging resistance index. The yield reached 10.17 t/ha due to an increase in spike number by 100.33 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, achieving an optimal balance between yield and lodging resistance in this experiment. This study provides a viable solution for balancing lodging resistance and yield in winter wheat. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-65d48ad90def413e96bb68186c76b8702025-01-24T13:17:00ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-01-0115116810.3390/agronomy15010168Optimum Nitrogen and Density Allocation for Trade−Off Between Yield and Lodging Resistance of Winter WheatHaitao Liu0Shufang Sun1Min Jin2Chunhui Li3Jiayu Wang4Haixing Cui5Yong Li6Zhenlin Wang7College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaIncreasing nitrogen and planting density can enhance crop yield, but it can reduce lodging resistance due to decreased lignin content. There is an urgent need to find feasible measures to balance these conflicting factors. We conducted a two-year field experiment in Tai’an, Shandong Province, China, evaluated SN23 (lodging resistant) and SN16 (lodging sensitive), under three nitrogen applications (120 kg/ha, N1; 240 kg/ha, N2; 360 kg/ha, N3) and four planting densities (75 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, D1; 225 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, D2; 375 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, D3; 525 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, D4), with N2D2 as the control, and measured lodging resistance related indexes and yield. N2D3 (SN23) increased internode length by 0.40 cm, reduced fresh weight by 0.09 g, resulting in a bending moment reduction of 0.39 g/cm. Lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose decreased by 18.27, 16.48, and 16.22 mg/g DW, while S and G lignin subunits decreased by 118.09 and 127.34 μg/g DW, and H subunit increased by 23.59 μg/g DW. Eventually, the breaking strength was reduced by 1.74 g/cm resulting in a reduction of 0.09 in the lodging resistance index. The yield reached 10.17 t/ha due to an increase in spike number by 100.33 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, achieving an optimal balance between yield and lodging resistance in this experiment. This study provides a viable solution for balancing lodging resistance and yield in winter wheat.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/168lodgingnitrogenplanting densitywinter wheat |
| spellingShingle | Haitao Liu Shufang Sun Min Jin Chunhui Li Jiayu Wang Haixing Cui Yong Li Zhenlin Wang Optimum Nitrogen and Density Allocation for Trade−Off Between Yield and Lodging Resistance of Winter Wheat Agronomy lodging nitrogen planting density winter wheat |
| title | Optimum Nitrogen and Density Allocation for Trade−Off Between Yield and Lodging Resistance of Winter Wheat |
| title_full | Optimum Nitrogen and Density Allocation for Trade−Off Between Yield and Lodging Resistance of Winter Wheat |
| title_fullStr | Optimum Nitrogen and Density Allocation for Trade−Off Between Yield and Lodging Resistance of Winter Wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimum Nitrogen and Density Allocation for Trade−Off Between Yield and Lodging Resistance of Winter Wheat |
| title_short | Optimum Nitrogen and Density Allocation for Trade−Off Between Yield and Lodging Resistance of Winter Wheat |
| title_sort | optimum nitrogen and density allocation for trade off between yield and lodging resistance of winter wheat |
| topic | lodging nitrogen planting density winter wheat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/168 |
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