Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation

Microglia activated in response to brain injury release neurotoxic factors including nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Ketamine, an anesthetic induction agent, is generally reserved for use in patients with severe hyp...

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Main Authors: Yi Chang, Jie-Jen Lee, Cheng-Ying Hsieh, George Hsiao, Duen-Suey Chou, Joen-Rong Sheu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2009-01-01
Series:Mediators of Inflammation
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/705379
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author Yi Chang
Jie-Jen Lee
Cheng-Ying Hsieh
George Hsiao
Duen-Suey Chou
Joen-Rong Sheu
author_facet Yi Chang
Jie-Jen Lee
Cheng-Ying Hsieh
George Hsiao
Duen-Suey Chou
Joen-Rong Sheu
author_sort Yi Chang
collection DOAJ
description Microglia activated in response to brain injury release neurotoxic factors including nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Ketamine, an anesthetic induction agent, is generally reserved for use in patients with severe hypotension or respiratory depression. In this study, we found that ketamine (100 and 250 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO and IL-1β release in primary cultured microglia. However, ketamine (100 and 250 μM) did not significantly inhibit the LPS-induced TNF-α production in microglia, except at the higher concentration (500 μM). Further study of the molecular mechanisms revealed that ketamine markedly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulated by LPS in microglia. These results suggest that microglial inactivation by ketamine is at least partially due to inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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issn 0962-9351
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language English
publishDate 2009-01-01
publisher Wiley
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series Mediators of Inflammation
spelling doaj-art-65ca6b06db4a44f78d6d2f5c7f39e2a52025-08-20T02:23:48ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612009-01-01200910.1155/2009/705379705379Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial ActivationYi Chang0Jie-Jen Lee1Cheng-Ying Hsieh2George Hsiao3Duen-Suey Chou4Joen-Rong Sheu5Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, 24205 Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, TaiwanMicroglia activated in response to brain injury release neurotoxic factors including nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Ketamine, an anesthetic induction agent, is generally reserved for use in patients with severe hypotension or respiratory depression. In this study, we found that ketamine (100 and 250 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO and IL-1β release in primary cultured microglia. However, ketamine (100 and 250 μM) did not significantly inhibit the LPS-induced TNF-α production in microglia, except at the higher concentration (500 μM). Further study of the molecular mechanisms revealed that ketamine markedly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulated by LPS in microglia. These results suggest that microglial inactivation by ketamine is at least partially due to inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/705379
spellingShingle Yi Chang
Jie-Jen Lee
Cheng-Ying Hsieh
George Hsiao
Duen-Suey Chou
Joen-Rong Sheu
Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation
Mediators of Inflammation
title Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation
title_full Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation
title_fullStr Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation
title_full_unstemmed Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation
title_short Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation
title_sort inhibitory effects of ketamine on lipopolysaccharide induced microglial activation
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/705379
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