Dietary Pattern of Garlic and Risk of Chronic Diseases: Evidence From Three Large‐Scale Cohorts

ABSTRACT Background Understanding the relationship between garlic and chronic diseases could help to improve prevention and reduce the burden of diseases. This study aimed to examine the association between garlic consumption and the risk of chronic diseases. Methods We included 26,524 participants...

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Main Authors: Xiaoyu Tai, Tao Luo, Keying Song, Hui Zhao, Silu Chen, Huiqin Li, Min Liu, Jianghong Dai, Xu Qian, Mulong Du
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Health Care Science
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.70030
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author Xiaoyu Tai
Tao Luo
Keying Song
Hui Zhao
Silu Chen
Huiqin Li
Min Liu
Jianghong Dai
Xu Qian
Mulong Du
author_facet Xiaoyu Tai
Tao Luo
Keying Song
Hui Zhao
Silu Chen
Huiqin Li
Min Liu
Jianghong Dai
Xu Qian
Mulong Du
author_sort Xiaoyu Tai
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Understanding the relationship between garlic and chronic diseases could help to improve prevention and reduce the burden of diseases. This study aimed to examine the association between garlic consumption and the risk of chronic diseases. Methods We included 26,524 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) with data of the frequency of garlic consumption, 7658 participants from the Xinjiang multiethnic cohort (XMC) study with data of garlic intake, and 141,684 participants from the UK Biobank (UKBB) with data of the preference for garlic. The dietary pattern of garlic, including the frequency of consuming garlic, garlic intake, and garlic preference information, was collected using a food questionnaire for each cohort. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling were used to assess the effect of garlic consumption on five common chronic diseases, which comprised cancer, diabetes, hypertension, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results In the CLHLS cohort, individuals who consumed garlic almost every day had a significantly lower risk of five of the most common chronic diseases (cancer: odds ratio [OR] = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30–0.81, p = 0.006; diabetes: OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43–0.76, p < 0.001; hypertension: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.61–0.77, p < 0.001; respiratory diseases: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.67–0.87, p < 0.001; and CVD: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.59–0.80, p < 0.001). Similarly, in the XMC, there was a consistent protective effect of high garlic intake on hypertension, respiratory diseases and CVD. Additionally, in the UKBB cohort, individuals who liked garlic had a decreased risk of diabetes and CVD. Notably, in three cohorts, structural equation modeling results showed that there was a significant protective total effect of garlic consumption on the five common chronic diseases. Conclusions A high garlic consumption is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. Our findings highlight the potential protective role of garlic in preventing chronic diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-65adc5cccb2e4e45baebb3208eb5dcee2025-08-22T12:39:53ZengWileyHealth Care Science2771-17572025-08-014426928010.1002/hcs2.70030Dietary Pattern of Garlic and Risk of Chronic Diseases: Evidence From Three Large‐Scale CohortsXiaoyu Tai0Tao Luo1Keying Song2Hui Zhao3Silu Chen4Huiqin Li5Min Liu6Jianghong Dai7Xu Qian8Mulong Du9Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi ChinaDepartment of Environmental Genomics and Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of the Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing ChinaDepartment of Environmental Genomics and Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of the Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing ChinaJiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing ChinaABSTRACT Background Understanding the relationship between garlic and chronic diseases could help to improve prevention and reduce the burden of diseases. This study aimed to examine the association between garlic consumption and the risk of chronic diseases. Methods We included 26,524 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) with data of the frequency of garlic consumption, 7658 participants from the Xinjiang multiethnic cohort (XMC) study with data of garlic intake, and 141,684 participants from the UK Biobank (UKBB) with data of the preference for garlic. The dietary pattern of garlic, including the frequency of consuming garlic, garlic intake, and garlic preference information, was collected using a food questionnaire for each cohort. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling were used to assess the effect of garlic consumption on five common chronic diseases, which comprised cancer, diabetes, hypertension, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results In the CLHLS cohort, individuals who consumed garlic almost every day had a significantly lower risk of five of the most common chronic diseases (cancer: odds ratio [OR] = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30–0.81, p = 0.006; diabetes: OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43–0.76, p < 0.001; hypertension: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.61–0.77, p < 0.001; respiratory diseases: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.67–0.87, p < 0.001; and CVD: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.59–0.80, p < 0.001). Similarly, in the XMC, there was a consistent protective effect of high garlic intake on hypertension, respiratory diseases and CVD. Additionally, in the UKBB cohort, individuals who liked garlic had a decreased risk of diabetes and CVD. Notably, in three cohorts, structural equation modeling results showed that there was a significant protective total effect of garlic consumption on the five common chronic diseases. Conclusions A high garlic consumption is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. Our findings highlight the potential protective role of garlic in preventing chronic diseases.https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.70030chronic diseasecohort studygarlic
spellingShingle Xiaoyu Tai
Tao Luo
Keying Song
Hui Zhao
Silu Chen
Huiqin Li
Min Liu
Jianghong Dai
Xu Qian
Mulong Du
Dietary Pattern of Garlic and Risk of Chronic Diseases: Evidence From Three Large‐Scale Cohorts
Health Care Science
chronic disease
cohort study
garlic
title Dietary Pattern of Garlic and Risk of Chronic Diseases: Evidence From Three Large‐Scale Cohorts
title_full Dietary Pattern of Garlic and Risk of Chronic Diseases: Evidence From Three Large‐Scale Cohorts
title_fullStr Dietary Pattern of Garlic and Risk of Chronic Diseases: Evidence From Three Large‐Scale Cohorts
title_full_unstemmed Dietary Pattern of Garlic and Risk of Chronic Diseases: Evidence From Three Large‐Scale Cohorts
title_short Dietary Pattern of Garlic and Risk of Chronic Diseases: Evidence From Three Large‐Scale Cohorts
title_sort dietary pattern of garlic and risk of chronic diseases evidence from three large scale cohorts
topic chronic disease
cohort study
garlic
url https://doi.org/10.1002/hcs2.70030
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