Achieving equiaxed and lamellar TiAl alloys via cold-cathode electron beam additive manufacturing with dual-wire synergistic control
TiAl alloy, renowned for its high temperature resistance while maintaining lightweight properties, serves as a crucial structural material for hot-end components. However, the widespread application of additive manufacturing (AM) for TiAl alloys is constrained by their limited ductility. To enable t...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542402934X |
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| author | Yilei Shi Shuili Gong Haiying Xu Wei Chen Zhuang Wang Guang Yang Xin Liu Bojin Qi |
| author_facet | Yilei Shi Shuili Gong Haiying Xu Wei Chen Zhuang Wang Guang Yang Xin Liu Bojin Qi |
| author_sort | Yilei Shi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | TiAl alloy, renowned for its high temperature resistance while maintaining lightweight properties, serves as a crucial structural material for hot-end components. However, the widespread application of additive manufacturing (AM) for TiAl alloys is constrained by their limited ductility. To enable the engineering-scale production of TiAl alloys with enhanced strength and ductility, this study introduces advancements in the heat source, material composition, and deposition processes. The characteristics of the cold-cathode electron beam heat source were used to manufacture low-cost in-situ alloyed TiAl alloys through wire-fed electron beam additive manufacturing. Mo, Zr, and Si elements were introduced into the TiAl alloy, and precise thermal control allowed the separated twin wires to simultaneously form a stable co-molten pool, and the specimens with good appearance and no internal microcracks and pores were obtained. Furthermore, a detailed comparison between Ti48Al alloy and Ti48Al1Mo0.45Zr0.3Si alloy was carried out, focusing on aspects such as grain morphology, chemical composition homogeneity, phase constitution, and mechanical properties. The influence of dual-wire synergistic control on process stability, microstructure evolution, and strengthening mechanisms was discussed. The results show that the cold-cathode electron beam heat source under low vacuum and the co-molten pool mode reduce aluminum evaporation and promote element mixing through layer-by-layer temperature control and remelting. Compared to the lamellar microstructure of Ti48Al alloy, the Ti48Al1Mo0.45Zr0.3Si alloy exhibits a dual-γ phase microstructure, consisting of fine lamellar colonies and equiaxed γ grains. This modification led to a 90% and 150% increase in elongation at room temperature and 650 °C, respectively. These findings offer important insights into enhancing the performance of TiAl alloys through cost-effective alloying strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6505873678bc43938a046d6b6c05be9f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6505873678bc43938a046d6b6c05be9f2025-01-19T06:25:34ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-01-013412881303Achieving equiaxed and lamellar TiAl alloys via cold-cathode electron beam additive manufacturing with dual-wire synergistic controlYilei Shi0Shuili Gong1Haiying Xu2Wei Chen3Zhuang Wang4Guang Yang5Xin Liu6Bojin Qi7School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China; Science and Technology on Power Beam Generator Laboratory, AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing, 100024, ChinaScience and Technology on Power Beam Generator Laboratory, AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing, 100024, China; Science and Technology on Power Beam Processes Laboratory, AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing, 100024, China; Corresponding author. Science and Technology on Power Beam Generator Laboratory, AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing, 100024, China.Science and Technology on Power Beam Generator Laboratory, AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing, 100024, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, ChinaScience and Technology on Power Beam Processes Laboratory, AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing, 100024, ChinaScience and Technology on Power Beam Generator Laboratory, AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing, 100024, ChinaScience and Technology on Power Beam Processes Laboratory, AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing, 100024, ChinaScience and Technology on Power Beam Generator Laboratory, AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing, 100024, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China; Corresponding author.TiAl alloy, renowned for its high temperature resistance while maintaining lightweight properties, serves as a crucial structural material for hot-end components. However, the widespread application of additive manufacturing (AM) for TiAl alloys is constrained by their limited ductility. To enable the engineering-scale production of TiAl alloys with enhanced strength and ductility, this study introduces advancements in the heat source, material composition, and deposition processes. The characteristics of the cold-cathode electron beam heat source were used to manufacture low-cost in-situ alloyed TiAl alloys through wire-fed electron beam additive manufacturing. Mo, Zr, and Si elements were introduced into the TiAl alloy, and precise thermal control allowed the separated twin wires to simultaneously form a stable co-molten pool, and the specimens with good appearance and no internal microcracks and pores were obtained. Furthermore, a detailed comparison between Ti48Al alloy and Ti48Al1Mo0.45Zr0.3Si alloy was carried out, focusing on aspects such as grain morphology, chemical composition homogeneity, phase constitution, and mechanical properties. The influence of dual-wire synergistic control on process stability, microstructure evolution, and strengthening mechanisms was discussed. The results show that the cold-cathode electron beam heat source under low vacuum and the co-molten pool mode reduce aluminum evaporation and promote element mixing through layer-by-layer temperature control and remelting. Compared to the lamellar microstructure of Ti48Al alloy, the Ti48Al1Mo0.45Zr0.3Si alloy exhibits a dual-γ phase microstructure, consisting of fine lamellar colonies and equiaxed γ grains. This modification led to a 90% and 150% increase in elongation at room temperature and 650 °C, respectively. These findings offer important insights into enhancing the performance of TiAl alloys through cost-effective alloying strategies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542402934XTiAl alloyDual-wire additive manufacturingCold-cathode electron beamSolidification behavior |
| spellingShingle | Yilei Shi Shuili Gong Haiying Xu Wei Chen Zhuang Wang Guang Yang Xin Liu Bojin Qi Achieving equiaxed and lamellar TiAl alloys via cold-cathode electron beam additive manufacturing with dual-wire synergistic control Journal of Materials Research and Technology TiAl alloy Dual-wire additive manufacturing Cold-cathode electron beam Solidification behavior |
| title | Achieving equiaxed and lamellar TiAl alloys via cold-cathode electron beam additive manufacturing with dual-wire synergistic control |
| title_full | Achieving equiaxed and lamellar TiAl alloys via cold-cathode electron beam additive manufacturing with dual-wire synergistic control |
| title_fullStr | Achieving equiaxed and lamellar TiAl alloys via cold-cathode electron beam additive manufacturing with dual-wire synergistic control |
| title_full_unstemmed | Achieving equiaxed and lamellar TiAl alloys via cold-cathode electron beam additive manufacturing with dual-wire synergistic control |
| title_short | Achieving equiaxed and lamellar TiAl alloys via cold-cathode electron beam additive manufacturing with dual-wire synergistic control |
| title_sort | achieving equiaxed and lamellar tial alloys via cold cathode electron beam additive manufacturing with dual wire synergistic control |
| topic | TiAl alloy Dual-wire additive manufacturing Cold-cathode electron beam Solidification behavior |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542402934X |
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