Evaluation of angular and positional changes of maxillary third molars following premolar extraction, molar distalization, and non-extraction treatments
Abstract Background To compare the effects of first premolar extraction, molar distalization, and non-extraction treatments on the angulation and vertical positions of maxillary second molars (MxM2s) and maxillary third molars (MxM3s). To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the effects...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05545-x |
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| author | Zeynep Çoban Büyükbayraktar Hasan Camcı Sultan İçmen Artun Yangın |
| author_facet | Zeynep Çoban Büyükbayraktar Hasan Camcı Sultan İçmen Artun Yangın |
| author_sort | Zeynep Çoban Büyükbayraktar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background To compare the effects of first premolar extraction, molar distalization, and non-extraction treatments on the angulation and vertical positions of maxillary second molars (MxM2s) and maxillary third molars (MxM3s). To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the effects of three different treatment types on MxM3 simultaneously. Methods Initial (T0) and final (T1) panoramic radiographs of three different patient groups were analyzed: first premolar extraction group (n = 26 patients, 52 MxM2, 52 MxM3), molar distalization group (n = 20 patients, 40 MxM2, 40 MxM3), and non-extraction group (n = 31 patients, 62 MxM2, 62 MxM3). Descriptive data, including growth pattern, crowding, overjet, overbite, and maxillary incisor inclination, were recorded. Angular changes of maxillary third molars (MxM3) relative to the Interorbital Plane (IOP) and Palatal Plane (PP), as well as changes in inclination and vertical position according to Archer’s classification, were also documented. Differences between T0 and T1 within the same group were assessed using the paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Comparisons between groups were evaluated with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis H test. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p < .05. Results IOP and PP values of MxM2 and MxM3 showed significant improvement in the extraction group (EG)(p < .001). The improvement in MxM3 IOP and PP values was not significant in the distalization group (DG)(p = .196 and p = .544, respectively). According to Archer’s classification, within-group comparisons revealed that the inclination and vertical position of MxM3 showed significant improvement in the EG, DG, and non-extraction groups (NEG)(inclination: p < .001 in EG, p = .032 in DG, p = .024 in NEG; vertical position: p < .001 in EG, p = .048 in DG, p < .001 in NEG). In between-group comparisons, the most significant improvement was observed in the EG. The number of MxM3 with vertical positions in Stages 1 and 2 at T1 were 19 in EG, 3 in DG, and 10 in NEG. Conclusion Premolar extraction has a positive effect on the angular and positional changes of MxM2 and MxM3. The changes in the inclination and vertical position of MxM3 between NEG and DG were not statistically significant. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-650253f69ed3493c869d9d53d901d13c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-650253f69ed3493c869d9d53d901d13c2025-02-02T12:45:23ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-01-012511910.1186/s12903-025-05545-xEvaluation of angular and positional changes of maxillary third molars following premolar extraction, molar distalization, and non-extraction treatmentsZeynep Çoban Büyükbayraktar0Hasan Camcı1Sultan İçmen2Artun Yangın3Department of Orthodontics, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of DentistryDepartment of Orthodontics, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Faculty of DentistryDepartment of Orthodontics, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of DentistryDepartment of Orthodontics, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Faculty of DentistryAbstract Background To compare the effects of first premolar extraction, molar distalization, and non-extraction treatments on the angulation and vertical positions of maxillary second molars (MxM2s) and maxillary third molars (MxM3s). To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the effects of three different treatment types on MxM3 simultaneously. Methods Initial (T0) and final (T1) panoramic radiographs of three different patient groups were analyzed: first premolar extraction group (n = 26 patients, 52 MxM2, 52 MxM3), molar distalization group (n = 20 patients, 40 MxM2, 40 MxM3), and non-extraction group (n = 31 patients, 62 MxM2, 62 MxM3). Descriptive data, including growth pattern, crowding, overjet, overbite, and maxillary incisor inclination, were recorded. Angular changes of maxillary third molars (MxM3) relative to the Interorbital Plane (IOP) and Palatal Plane (PP), as well as changes in inclination and vertical position according to Archer’s classification, were also documented. Differences between T0 and T1 within the same group were assessed using the paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Comparisons between groups were evaluated with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis H test. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p < .05. Results IOP and PP values of MxM2 and MxM3 showed significant improvement in the extraction group (EG)(p < .001). The improvement in MxM3 IOP and PP values was not significant in the distalization group (DG)(p = .196 and p = .544, respectively). According to Archer’s classification, within-group comparisons revealed that the inclination and vertical position of MxM3 showed significant improvement in the EG, DG, and non-extraction groups (NEG)(inclination: p < .001 in EG, p = .032 in DG, p = .024 in NEG; vertical position: p < .001 in EG, p = .048 in DG, p < .001 in NEG). In between-group comparisons, the most significant improvement was observed in the EG. The number of MxM3 with vertical positions in Stages 1 and 2 at T1 were 19 in EG, 3 in DG, and 10 in NEG. Conclusion Premolar extraction has a positive effect on the angular and positional changes of MxM2 and MxM3. The changes in the inclination and vertical position of MxM3 between NEG and DG were not statistically significant.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05545-xDistalizationExtractionThird molar impaction |
| spellingShingle | Zeynep Çoban Büyükbayraktar Hasan Camcı Sultan İçmen Artun Yangın Evaluation of angular and positional changes of maxillary third molars following premolar extraction, molar distalization, and non-extraction treatments BMC Oral Health Distalization Extraction Third molar impaction |
| title | Evaluation of angular and positional changes of maxillary third molars following premolar extraction, molar distalization, and non-extraction treatments |
| title_full | Evaluation of angular and positional changes of maxillary third molars following premolar extraction, molar distalization, and non-extraction treatments |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of angular and positional changes of maxillary third molars following premolar extraction, molar distalization, and non-extraction treatments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of angular and positional changes of maxillary third molars following premolar extraction, molar distalization, and non-extraction treatments |
| title_short | Evaluation of angular and positional changes of maxillary third molars following premolar extraction, molar distalization, and non-extraction treatments |
| title_sort | evaluation of angular and positional changes of maxillary third molars following premolar extraction molar distalization and non extraction treatments |
| topic | Distalization Extraction Third molar impaction |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05545-x |
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