Innate Immune Memory: The Latest Frontier of Adjuvanticity
Recent findings in the field of immune memory have demonstrated that B and T cell mediated immunity following infections are enhanced by the so-called trained immunity. This effect has been most extensively investigated for the tuberculosis vaccine strain Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Epidemiologi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/478408 |
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| author | Elfi Töpfer Diana Boraschi Paola Italiani |
| author_facet | Elfi Töpfer Diana Boraschi Paola Italiani |
| author_sort | Elfi Töpfer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent findings in the field of immune memory have demonstrated that B and T cell mediated immunity following infections are enhanced by the so-called trained immunity. This effect has been most extensively investigated for the tuberculosis vaccine strain Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Epidemiological studies suggest that this vaccine is associated with a substantial reduction in overall child mortality that cannot be solely explained by prevention of the target disease but that it seems to rely on inducing resistance to other infections. Upon infection or vaccination, monocytes/macrophages can be functionally reprogrammed so as to display an enhanced defensive response against unrelated infections. Epigenetic modifications seem to play a key role in the induction of this “innate memory.” These findings are revolutionising our knowledge of the immune system, introducing the concept of memory also for mammalian innate immunity. Thus, vaccines are likely to nonspecifically affect the overall immunological status of individuals in a clinically relevant manner. As a consequence, future vaccine strategies ought to take into account the contribution of innate memory through appropriate design of formulations and administration scheduling. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-647b7fff25c547539ec3494ecbaafeed |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-647b7fff25c547539ec3494ecbaafeed2025-02-03T01:32:36ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562015-01-01201510.1155/2015/478408478408Innate Immune Memory: The Latest Frontier of AdjuvanticityElfi Töpfer0Diana Boraschi1Paola Italiani2Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, ItalyInstitute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, ItalyInstitute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, ItalyRecent findings in the field of immune memory have demonstrated that B and T cell mediated immunity following infections are enhanced by the so-called trained immunity. This effect has been most extensively investigated for the tuberculosis vaccine strain Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Epidemiological studies suggest that this vaccine is associated with a substantial reduction in overall child mortality that cannot be solely explained by prevention of the target disease but that it seems to rely on inducing resistance to other infections. Upon infection or vaccination, monocytes/macrophages can be functionally reprogrammed so as to display an enhanced defensive response against unrelated infections. Epigenetic modifications seem to play a key role in the induction of this “innate memory.” These findings are revolutionising our knowledge of the immune system, introducing the concept of memory also for mammalian innate immunity. Thus, vaccines are likely to nonspecifically affect the overall immunological status of individuals in a clinically relevant manner. As a consequence, future vaccine strategies ought to take into account the contribution of innate memory through appropriate design of formulations and administration scheduling.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/478408 |
| spellingShingle | Elfi Töpfer Diana Boraschi Paola Italiani Innate Immune Memory: The Latest Frontier of Adjuvanticity Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Innate Immune Memory: The Latest Frontier of Adjuvanticity |
| title_full | Innate Immune Memory: The Latest Frontier of Adjuvanticity |
| title_fullStr | Innate Immune Memory: The Latest Frontier of Adjuvanticity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Innate Immune Memory: The Latest Frontier of Adjuvanticity |
| title_short | Innate Immune Memory: The Latest Frontier of Adjuvanticity |
| title_sort | innate immune memory the latest frontier of adjuvanticity |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/478408 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elfitopfer innateimmunememorythelatestfrontierofadjuvanticity AT dianaboraschi innateimmunememorythelatestfrontierofadjuvanticity AT paolaitaliani innateimmunememorythelatestfrontierofadjuvanticity |