Non-targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessions
Abstract Wild tomato species exhibit natural insect resistance, yet the specific secondary metabolites and underlying mechanisms governing the resistance remain unclear. Moreover, defense expression dynamically adapts to insect herbivory, causing significant metabolic changes and species-specific se...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86191-9 |
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| author | Sunil Kumaraswamy Kalenahalli Yogendra Paola Sotelo-Cardona Aparna Shivanna Sanivarapu Hemalatha Muthugounder Mohan Ramasamy Srinivasan |
| author_facet | Sunil Kumaraswamy Kalenahalli Yogendra Paola Sotelo-Cardona Aparna Shivanna Sanivarapu Hemalatha Muthugounder Mohan Ramasamy Srinivasan |
| author_sort | Sunil Kumaraswamy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Wild tomato species exhibit natural insect resistance, yet the specific secondary metabolites and underlying mechanisms governing the resistance remain unclear. Moreover, defense expression dynamically adapts to insect herbivory, causing significant metabolic changes and species-specific secondary metabolite accumulation. The present study aims to identify the resistance-related metabolites in wild tomato accessions that influence the defense mechanism against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Asia II 7) and leafminer (Phthorimaea absoluta). In this study, LC-HRMS-based non-targeted metabolomics of resistant wild (Solanum cheesmaniae and Solanum galapagense) and susceptible cultivated (Solanum lycopersicum) accessions following 6- and 12-h post-infestation (hpi) by B. tabaci Asia II 7 and P. absoluta revealed distinct sets of resistance-related constitutive (RRC) and induced (RRI) metabolites. The key resistance-related metabolites were those involved in the fatty acid and associated biosynthesis pathways (e.g., triacontane, di-heptanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, undecanoic acid, N-hexadecanoic acid, pentacosane, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, sphinganine, and 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid), which are recognized for their direct or indirect role in mediating plant defense against insects. Additionally, the differential accumulation of metabolites was evident through partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), highlighting differences in metabolite profiles between resistant and susceptible accessions at 6 and 12 hpi of B. tabaci and P. absoluta. Volcano plot analysis revealed a higher number of significantly upregulated metabolites in wild accessions following herbivory. Moreover, wild tomato accessions responded uniquely to B. tabaci and P. absoluta, highlighting species-specific metabolic responses of tomato accessions to the two feeding guilds. This study uncovered biochemical mechanisms governing resistance in wild tomato accessions, elucidated the influence of dual herbivory on the plant metabolome, and offered well-characterized parent materials and candidate metabolites for breeding insect-resistant varieties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-63a5a326c74b47e2a47e5429f321c881 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-63a5a326c74b47e2a47e5429f321c8812025-02-02T12:21:49ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115112510.1038/s41598-025-86191-9Non-targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessionsSunil Kumaraswamy0Kalenahalli Yogendra1Paola Sotelo-Cardona2Aparna Shivanna3Sanivarapu Hemalatha4Muthugounder Mohan5Ramasamy Srinivasan6ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect ResourcesInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsWorld Vegetable CenterWorld Vegetable Center, South and Central Asia, ICRISAT CampusInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect ResourcesWorld Vegetable CenterAbstract Wild tomato species exhibit natural insect resistance, yet the specific secondary metabolites and underlying mechanisms governing the resistance remain unclear. Moreover, defense expression dynamically adapts to insect herbivory, causing significant metabolic changes and species-specific secondary metabolite accumulation. The present study aims to identify the resistance-related metabolites in wild tomato accessions that influence the defense mechanism against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Asia II 7) and leafminer (Phthorimaea absoluta). In this study, LC-HRMS-based non-targeted metabolomics of resistant wild (Solanum cheesmaniae and Solanum galapagense) and susceptible cultivated (Solanum lycopersicum) accessions following 6- and 12-h post-infestation (hpi) by B. tabaci Asia II 7 and P. absoluta revealed distinct sets of resistance-related constitutive (RRC) and induced (RRI) metabolites. The key resistance-related metabolites were those involved in the fatty acid and associated biosynthesis pathways (e.g., triacontane, di-heptanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, undecanoic acid, N-hexadecanoic acid, pentacosane, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, sphinganine, and 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid), which are recognized for their direct or indirect role in mediating plant defense against insects. Additionally, the differential accumulation of metabolites was evident through partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), highlighting differences in metabolite profiles between resistant and susceptible accessions at 6 and 12 hpi of B. tabaci and P. absoluta. Volcano plot analysis revealed a higher number of significantly upregulated metabolites in wild accessions following herbivory. Moreover, wild tomato accessions responded uniquely to B. tabaci and P. absoluta, highlighting species-specific metabolic responses of tomato accessions to the two feeding guilds. This study uncovered biochemical mechanisms governing resistance in wild tomato accessions, elucidated the influence of dual herbivory on the plant metabolome, and offered well-characterized parent materials and candidate metabolites for breeding insect-resistant varieties.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86191-9Plant–herbivore interactionMetabolomicsConstitutive and induced metabolitesWhiteflyTomato leafminerPlant defense |
| spellingShingle | Sunil Kumaraswamy Kalenahalli Yogendra Paola Sotelo-Cardona Aparna Shivanna Sanivarapu Hemalatha Muthugounder Mohan Ramasamy Srinivasan Non-targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessions Scientific Reports Plant–herbivore interaction Metabolomics Constitutive and induced metabolites Whitefly Tomato leafminer Plant defense |
| title | Non-targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessions |
| title_full | Non-targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessions |
| title_fullStr | Non-targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessions |
| title_short | Non-targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessions |
| title_sort | non targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessions |
| topic | Plant–herbivore interaction Metabolomics Constitutive and induced metabolites Whitefly Tomato leafminer Plant defense |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86191-9 |
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