Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Their Substitutes to Terrestrial and Aquatic Invertebrates—A Review
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been widely used in daily life but they cause certain impacts on the environment due to their unique carbon–fluorine chemical bonds that are difficult to degrade in the environment. Toxicological studies on PFASs and their alternatives have mainly foc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| author | Jiaxin Zhang Hassan Naveed Keping Chen Liang Chen |
| author_facet | Jiaxin Zhang Hassan Naveed Keping Chen Liang Chen |
| author_sort | Jiaxin Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been widely used in daily life but they cause certain impacts on the environment due to their unique carbon–fluorine chemical bonds that are difficult to degrade in the environment. Toxicological studies on PFASs and their alternatives have mainly focused on vertebrates, while terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates have been studied to a lesser extent. As invertebrates at the bottom of the food chain play a crucial role in the whole ecological chain, it is necessary to investigate the toxicity of PFASs to invertebrates. In this paper, the progress of toxicological studies on PFASs and their alternatives in terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates is reviewed, and the accumulation of PFASs, their toxicity in invertebrates, as well as the neurotoxicity and toxicity to reproduction and development are summarized. This provides a reference to in-depth studies on the comprehensive assessment of the toxicity of PFASs and their alternatives, promotes further research on PFASs in invertebrates, and provides valuable recommendations for the use and regulation of alternatives to PFASs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-63738acb9931472e8b746e94bf0208b0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-63738acb9931472e8b746e94bf0208b02025-01-24T13:51:03ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-01-011314710.3390/toxics13010047Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Their Substitutes to Terrestrial and Aquatic Invertebrates—A ReviewJiaxin Zhang0Hassan Naveed1Keping Chen2Liang Chen3School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been widely used in daily life but they cause certain impacts on the environment due to their unique carbon–fluorine chemical bonds that are difficult to degrade in the environment. Toxicological studies on PFASs and their alternatives have mainly focused on vertebrates, while terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates have been studied to a lesser extent. As invertebrates at the bottom of the food chain play a crucial role in the whole ecological chain, it is necessary to investigate the toxicity of PFASs to invertebrates. In this paper, the progress of toxicological studies on PFASs and their alternatives in terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates is reviewed, and the accumulation of PFASs, their toxicity in invertebrates, as well as the neurotoxicity and toxicity to reproduction and development are summarized. This provides a reference to in-depth studies on the comprehensive assessment of the toxicity of PFASs and their alternatives, promotes further research on PFASs in invertebrates, and provides valuable recommendations for the use and regulation of alternatives to PFASs.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/47perfluoroalkyl substancespolyfluoroalkyl substancesinvertebratestoxicityoxidative stressneurobehavioral toxicity |
| spellingShingle | Jiaxin Zhang Hassan Naveed Keping Chen Liang Chen Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Their Substitutes to Terrestrial and Aquatic Invertebrates—A Review Toxics perfluoroalkyl substances polyfluoroalkyl substances invertebrates toxicity oxidative stress neurobehavioral toxicity |
| title | Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Their Substitutes to Terrestrial and Aquatic Invertebrates—A Review |
| title_full | Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Their Substitutes to Terrestrial and Aquatic Invertebrates—A Review |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Their Substitutes to Terrestrial and Aquatic Invertebrates—A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Their Substitutes to Terrestrial and Aquatic Invertebrates—A Review |
| title_short | Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Their Substitutes to Terrestrial and Aquatic Invertebrates—A Review |
| title_sort | toxicity of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their substitutes to terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates a review |
| topic | perfluoroalkyl substances polyfluoroalkyl substances invertebrates toxicity oxidative stress neurobehavioral toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/47 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jiaxinzhang toxicityofperandpolyfluoroalkylsubstancesandtheirsubstitutestoterrestrialandaquaticinvertebratesareview AT hassannaveed toxicityofperandpolyfluoroalkylsubstancesandtheirsubstitutestoterrestrialandaquaticinvertebratesareview AT kepingchen toxicityofperandpolyfluoroalkylsubstancesandtheirsubstitutestoterrestrialandaquaticinvertebratesareview AT liangchen toxicityofperandpolyfluoroalkylsubstancesandtheirsubstitutestoterrestrialandaquaticinvertebratesareview |