Biochemical and toxicological evaluation of Solanum viarum fruit extract on Dugesia tigrina
Solanum viarum has alkaloid-rich fruits. We evaluated the antioxidant and chelating activities of the aqueous extract fraction (AEF) from S. viarum fruits and its effects on the brown planarian Dugesia tigrina. The AEF demonstrated an iron-chelating effect comparable to ascorbic acid but lower than...
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University of Belgrade, University of Novi Sad
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Archives of Biological Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0354-4664/2024/0354-46642400027S.pdf |
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| author | Schaly Felipe Braguini Welligton Luciano |
| author_facet | Schaly Felipe Braguini Welligton Luciano |
| author_sort | Schaly Felipe |
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| description | Solanum viarum has alkaloid-rich fruits. We evaluated the antioxidant and chelating activities of the aqueous extract fraction (AEF) from S. viarum fruits and its effects on the brown planarian Dugesia tigrina. The AEF demonstrated an iron-chelating effect comparable to ascorbic acid but lower than EDTA and a significant reducing power. The 96-h LC50 for planarians was 1.22 g/L. At a concentration of 0.50 g/L, the AEF reduced planarian locomotor velocity by 34.7%, while decreasing fecundity and fertility by 98.4% and 96.7%, respectively, leading to a significant decline in the number of cocoons and emerging planarians. Cocoon hatching time was increased at all AEF concentrations. Planarians exposed to 0.50 g/L AEF for 14 days showed a 62.3% reduction in glycogen content. After 14 days, catalase was inhibited at all concentrations, with 83.2% inhibition at 0.50 g/L. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by 60.8% and 59.9% after 24 h and 14 days, respectively, at 0.50 g/L AEF. Catalase (CAT) was stimulated by 72.1% and 44% at 0.10 and 0.25 g/L AEF, respectively, but inhibited by 25.2% at 0.50 g/L after 24 h. The iron-chelating activity of the AEF reduces iron availability for catalase, an irondependent enzyme, leading to its inhibition, while also limiting Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions, resulting in hydrogen peroxide accumulation and subsequent stimulation of SOD under prolonged exposure. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was stimulated by 40.6% and 44.8% after 24 h and 14 days, respectively, at 0.50 g/L AEF. These findings show that S. viarum is harmful to planarians and may pose environmental risks, highlighting the need for toxicity assessments in other species. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6347459aa4f643a1b7dd4f0278923b25 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0354-4664 1821-4339 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | University of Belgrade, University of Novi Sad |
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| series | Archives of Biological Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-6347459aa4f643a1b7dd4f0278923b252025-01-30T06:38:39ZengUniversity of Belgrade, University of Novi SadArchives of Biological Sciences0354-46641821-43392024-01-0176437538610.2298/ABS240804027S0354-46642400027SBiochemical and toxicological evaluation of Solanum viarum fruit extract on Dugesia tigrinaSchaly Felipe0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7858-0218Braguini Welligton Luciano1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6211-3102Experimental Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory (BioTox), Midwestern Paraná State University, Guarapuava City, Paraná State, BrazilExperimental Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory (BioTox), Midwestern Paraná State University, Guarapuava City, Paraná State, BrazilSolanum viarum has alkaloid-rich fruits. We evaluated the antioxidant and chelating activities of the aqueous extract fraction (AEF) from S. viarum fruits and its effects on the brown planarian Dugesia tigrina. The AEF demonstrated an iron-chelating effect comparable to ascorbic acid but lower than EDTA and a significant reducing power. The 96-h LC50 for planarians was 1.22 g/L. At a concentration of 0.50 g/L, the AEF reduced planarian locomotor velocity by 34.7%, while decreasing fecundity and fertility by 98.4% and 96.7%, respectively, leading to a significant decline in the number of cocoons and emerging planarians. Cocoon hatching time was increased at all AEF concentrations. Planarians exposed to 0.50 g/L AEF for 14 days showed a 62.3% reduction in glycogen content. After 14 days, catalase was inhibited at all concentrations, with 83.2% inhibition at 0.50 g/L. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by 60.8% and 59.9% after 24 h and 14 days, respectively, at 0.50 g/L AEF. Catalase (CAT) was stimulated by 72.1% and 44% at 0.10 and 0.25 g/L AEF, respectively, but inhibited by 25.2% at 0.50 g/L after 24 h. The iron-chelating activity of the AEF reduces iron availability for catalase, an irondependent enzyme, leading to its inhibition, while also limiting Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions, resulting in hydrogen peroxide accumulation and subsequent stimulation of SOD under prolonged exposure. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was stimulated by 40.6% and 44.8% after 24 h and 14 days, respectively, at 0.50 g/L AEF. These findings show that S. viarum is harmful to planarians and may pose environmental risks, highlighting the need for toxicity assessments in other species.https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0354-4664/2024/0354-46642400027S.pdfsolanum viarumenvironmental riskreproductive toxicityantioxidant enzymesplanarian |
| spellingShingle | Schaly Felipe Braguini Welligton Luciano Biochemical and toxicological evaluation of Solanum viarum fruit extract on Dugesia tigrina Archives of Biological Sciences solanum viarum environmental risk reproductive toxicity antioxidant enzymes planarian |
| title | Biochemical and toxicological evaluation of Solanum viarum fruit extract on Dugesia tigrina |
| title_full | Biochemical and toxicological evaluation of Solanum viarum fruit extract on Dugesia tigrina |
| title_fullStr | Biochemical and toxicological evaluation of Solanum viarum fruit extract on Dugesia tigrina |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biochemical and toxicological evaluation of Solanum viarum fruit extract on Dugesia tigrina |
| title_short | Biochemical and toxicological evaluation of Solanum viarum fruit extract on Dugesia tigrina |
| title_sort | biochemical and toxicological evaluation of solanum viarum fruit extract on dugesia tigrina |
| topic | solanum viarum environmental risk reproductive toxicity antioxidant enzymes planarian |
| url | https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0354-4664/2024/0354-46642400027S.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT schalyfelipe biochemicalandtoxicologicalevaluationofsolanumviarumfruitextractondugesiatigrina AT braguiniwelligtonluciano biochemicalandtoxicologicalevaluationofsolanumviarumfruitextractondugesiatigrina |