Cognitive and Neural Differences in Exact and Approximate Arithmetic Using the Production Paradigm: An fNIRS Study
This study investigated the cognitive and neural mechanisms of exact and approximate arithmetic using fNIRS technology during natural calculation processes (i.e., the production paradigm). Behavioral results showed (1) a significantly longer reaction time for exact arithmetic compared to approximate...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Tianqi Yue Buxuan Guan Yan Wu |
| author_facet | Tianqi Yue Buxuan Guan Yan Wu |
| author_sort | Tianqi Yue |
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| description | This study investigated the cognitive and neural mechanisms of exact and approximate arithmetic using fNIRS technology during natural calculation processes (i.e., the production paradigm). Behavioral results showed (1) a significantly longer reaction time for exact arithmetic compared to approximate arithmetic, and (2) both exact and approximate arithmetic exhibited a problem size effect, with larger operands requiring more time. The fNIRS results further revealed differences in the neural bases underlying these two arithmetic processes, with exact arithmetic showing greater activation in the L-SFG (left superior frontal gyrus, CH16), while approximate arithmetic exhibited problem size effect in the right hemisphere. Additionally, larger operands registered more brain activities in the R-DLPFC (right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, CH4), R-SFG (right superior frontal gyrus, CH2), and PMC and SMA (pre- and supplementary motor cortexes, CH3) compared to smaller operands in approximate arithmetic. Moreover, correlation analysis found a significant correlation between approximate arithmetic and semantic processing in the R-PMC and R-SMA (right pre- and supplementary motor cortexes). These findings suggest a neural dissociation between exact and approximate arithmetic, with exact arithmetic processing showing a dominant role in the left hemisphere, while approximate arithmetic processing was more sensitive in the right hemisphere. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-63392043a3b34c68a7497900cc788ade |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-328X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Behavioral Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-63392043a3b34c68a7497900cc788ade2025-01-24T13:22:41ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2025-01-011513310.3390/bs15010033Cognitive and Neural Differences in Exact and Approximate Arithmetic Using the Production Paradigm: An fNIRS StudyTianqi Yue0Buxuan Guan1Yan Wu2School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaThis study investigated the cognitive and neural mechanisms of exact and approximate arithmetic using fNIRS technology during natural calculation processes (i.e., the production paradigm). Behavioral results showed (1) a significantly longer reaction time for exact arithmetic compared to approximate arithmetic, and (2) both exact and approximate arithmetic exhibited a problem size effect, with larger operands requiring more time. The fNIRS results further revealed differences in the neural bases underlying these two arithmetic processes, with exact arithmetic showing greater activation in the L-SFG (left superior frontal gyrus, CH16), while approximate arithmetic exhibited problem size effect in the right hemisphere. Additionally, larger operands registered more brain activities in the R-DLPFC (right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, CH4), R-SFG (right superior frontal gyrus, CH2), and PMC and SMA (pre- and supplementary motor cortexes, CH3) compared to smaller operands in approximate arithmetic. Moreover, correlation analysis found a significant correlation between approximate arithmetic and semantic processing in the R-PMC and R-SMA (right pre- and supplementary motor cortexes). These findings suggest a neural dissociation between exact and approximate arithmetic, with exact arithmetic processing showing a dominant role in the left hemisphere, while approximate arithmetic processing was more sensitive in the right hemisphere.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/1/33production paradigmexact arithmeticapproximate arithmeticfNIRS |
| spellingShingle | Tianqi Yue Buxuan Guan Yan Wu Cognitive and Neural Differences in Exact and Approximate Arithmetic Using the Production Paradigm: An fNIRS Study Behavioral Sciences production paradigm exact arithmetic approximate arithmetic fNIRS |
| title | Cognitive and Neural Differences in Exact and Approximate Arithmetic Using the Production Paradigm: An fNIRS Study |
| title_full | Cognitive and Neural Differences in Exact and Approximate Arithmetic Using the Production Paradigm: An fNIRS Study |
| title_fullStr | Cognitive and Neural Differences in Exact and Approximate Arithmetic Using the Production Paradigm: An fNIRS Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cognitive and Neural Differences in Exact and Approximate Arithmetic Using the Production Paradigm: An fNIRS Study |
| title_short | Cognitive and Neural Differences in Exact and Approximate Arithmetic Using the Production Paradigm: An fNIRS Study |
| title_sort | cognitive and neural differences in exact and approximate arithmetic using the production paradigm an fnirs study |
| topic | production paradigm exact arithmetic approximate arithmetic fNIRS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/1/33 |
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