A Robust Fractional-Order Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control With Deep Learning-Based Lie Derivative Estimation for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Wind Turbine

This paper presents a Robust Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Control (FOSMC) with Nonsingular Integral Terminal Dynamics, integrated with Densely Connected Convolutional Networks (DenseNet) for Lie Derivatives Estimation, to achieve Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in Wind Energy Conversion Systems...

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Main Authors: Ahmed S. Alsafran, Safeer Ullah, Ameen Ullah, Ghulam Hafeez, Muhammad Zeeshan Babar, Baheej Alghamdi, Abdullah A. Algethami
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11072148/
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author Ahmed S. Alsafran
Safeer Ullah
Ameen Ullah
Ghulam Hafeez
Muhammad Zeeshan Babar
Baheej Alghamdi
Abdullah A. Algethami
author_facet Ahmed S. Alsafran
Safeer Ullah
Ameen Ullah
Ghulam Hafeez
Muhammad Zeeshan Babar
Baheej Alghamdi
Abdullah A. Algethami
author_sort Ahmed S. Alsafran
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents a Robust Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Control (FOSMC) with Nonsingular Integral Terminal Dynamics, integrated with Densely Connected Convolutional Networks (DenseNet) for Lie Derivatives Estimation, to achieve Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) based on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSG). The proposed method effectively addresses the challenges of nonlinear dynamics, uncertain wind conditions, and chattering effects, which are common in traditional control approaches. The core innovation lies in fractional-order sliding mode control, which enhances convergence speed and robustness while ensuring finite-time stability. Unlike classical Sliding Mode Control (SMC), the proposed Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode (NTSM) formulation eliminates singularities and improves tracking accuracy. Additionally, to overcome inaccuracies in numerical differentiation, a Densely Connected Convolutional Neural Network (DenseNet) is employed to estimate higher-order Lie derivatives, providing real-time system state approximation and improving control precision. A rigorous Lyapunov stability theorem guarantees the finite-time convergence of the considered system. Extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed control law by comparing it with the existing classical controllers. The results demonstrate superior MPPT efficiency, faster transient response, reduced chattering, and enhanced robustness under varying wind conditions.
format Article
id doaj-art-62b2b5425e514b1bb9903bc7dd72e596
institution Kabale University
issn 2169-3536
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
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spelling doaj-art-62b2b5425e514b1bb9903bc7dd72e5962025-08-20T03:56:04ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011312742312743510.1109/ACCESS.2025.358627911072148A Robust Fractional-Order Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control With Deep Learning-Based Lie Derivative Estimation for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Wind TurbineAhmed S. Alsafran0Safeer Ullah1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8017-7006Ameen Ullah2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0993-8586Ghulam Hafeez3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9398-9414Muhammad Zeeshan Babar4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-9643Baheej Alghamdi5Abdullah A. Algethami6Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Quaid-e-Azam College of Engineering and Technology, Sahiwal, PakistanCollege of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan, PakistanSchool of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K.Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi ArabiaThis paper presents a Robust Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Control (FOSMC) with Nonsingular Integral Terminal Dynamics, integrated with Densely Connected Convolutional Networks (DenseNet) for Lie Derivatives Estimation, to achieve Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) based on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSG). The proposed method effectively addresses the challenges of nonlinear dynamics, uncertain wind conditions, and chattering effects, which are common in traditional control approaches. The core innovation lies in fractional-order sliding mode control, which enhances convergence speed and robustness while ensuring finite-time stability. Unlike classical Sliding Mode Control (SMC), the proposed Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode (NTSM) formulation eliminates singularities and improves tracking accuracy. Additionally, to overcome inaccuracies in numerical differentiation, a Densely Connected Convolutional Neural Network (DenseNet) is employed to estimate higher-order Lie derivatives, providing real-time system state approximation and improving control precision. A rigorous Lyapunov stability theorem guarantees the finite-time convergence of the considered system. Extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed control law by comparing it with the existing classical controllers. The results demonstrate superior MPPT efficiency, faster transient response, reduced chattering, and enhanced robustness under varying wind conditions.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11072148/Fractional-order sliding modenonsingular terminal sliding modewind energy systemmaximum power point trackingrenewable energymachine learning
spellingShingle Ahmed S. Alsafran
Safeer Ullah
Ameen Ullah
Ghulam Hafeez
Muhammad Zeeshan Babar
Baheej Alghamdi
Abdullah A. Algethami
A Robust Fractional-Order Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control With Deep Learning-Based Lie Derivative Estimation for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Wind Turbine
IEEE Access
Fractional-order sliding mode
nonsingular terminal sliding mode
wind energy system
maximum power point tracking
renewable energy
machine learning
title A Robust Fractional-Order Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control With Deep Learning-Based Lie Derivative Estimation for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Wind Turbine
title_full A Robust Fractional-Order Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control With Deep Learning-Based Lie Derivative Estimation for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Wind Turbine
title_fullStr A Robust Fractional-Order Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control With Deep Learning-Based Lie Derivative Estimation for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Wind Turbine
title_full_unstemmed A Robust Fractional-Order Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control With Deep Learning-Based Lie Derivative Estimation for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Wind Turbine
title_short A Robust Fractional-Order Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control With Deep Learning-Based Lie Derivative Estimation for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Wind Turbine
title_sort robust fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control with deep learning based lie derivative estimation for maximum power point tracking in wind turbine
topic Fractional-order sliding mode
nonsingular terminal sliding mode
wind energy system
maximum power point tracking
renewable energy
machine learning
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11072148/
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