Comparative miRNome analysis of colostrum- and mature milk–derived extracellular vesicles from Holstein and Jersey cows

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression. Analysis of miRNAs is important for understanding a variety of biological processes. Sequencing of miRNAs within milk-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) provides valuable insights into the mo...

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Main Authors: Daye Mun, Sangdon Ryu, Dong-Hyun Lim, Sangnam Oh, Younghoon Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.ejast.org/archive/view_article?doi=10.5187/jast.2024.e84
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author Daye Mun
Sangdon Ryu
Dong-Hyun Lim
Sangnam Oh
Younghoon Kim
author_facet Daye Mun
Sangdon Ryu
Dong-Hyun Lim
Sangnam Oh
Younghoon Kim
author_sort Daye Mun
collection DOAJ
description MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression. Analysis of miRNAs is important for understanding a variety of biological processes. Sequencing of miRNAs within milk-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms through which these EVs influence recipient cells. Comparative miRNA sequencing of colostrum and mature milk from different cow breeds can demonstrate breed-specific differences and improve the understanding of potential therapeutic applications in immune regulation and gut health. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the miRNA profiles and characteristics of colostrum- and mature milk–derived EVs from Holstein and Jersey breeds and determine their effects on intestinal epithelial cells. The miRNA profiles of EVs isolated from the colostrum and mature milk of Holstein and Jersey cows were analyzed via small RNA sequencing. Holstein colostrum–derived EVs exhibited the most diverse miRNA profile with 421 identified miRNAs compared with 259 in mature milk–derived EVs. Jersey colostrum EVs had 198 miRNAs, whereas mature milk EVs had 282. Differential expression analysis revealed considerable miRNA differences between colostrum and mature milk, particularly in Holstein cows. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that miRNAs from colostrum EVs predominantly regulated immune-related pathways. Transcriptomic analysis of human colon cell line HT-29 treated with Holstein colostrum EVs confirmed the modulation of genes associated with immune responses. These findings indicate that colostrum-derived EVs, particularly from Holstein cows, play a pivotal role in immune regulation and could be potential candidates for therapeutic applications.
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spelling doaj-art-629e5dc16cfa4e4bbc583d3ff82efecc2025-08-20T03:01:07ZengKorean Society of Animal Sciences and TechnologyJournal of Animal Science and Technology2672-01912055-03912025-01-0167119320710.5187/jast.2024.e84Comparative miRNome analysis of colostrum- and mature milk–derived extracellular vesicles from Holstein and Jersey cowsDaye Mun0Sangdon Ryu1Dong-Hyun Lim2Sangnam Oh3Younghoon Kim4Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaHonam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, KoreaDairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, KoreaDepartment of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression. Analysis of miRNAs is important for understanding a variety of biological processes. Sequencing of miRNAs within milk-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms through which these EVs influence recipient cells. Comparative miRNA sequencing of colostrum and mature milk from different cow breeds can demonstrate breed-specific differences and improve the understanding of potential therapeutic applications in immune regulation and gut health. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the miRNA profiles and characteristics of colostrum- and mature milk–derived EVs from Holstein and Jersey breeds and determine their effects on intestinal epithelial cells. The miRNA profiles of EVs isolated from the colostrum and mature milk of Holstein and Jersey cows were analyzed via small RNA sequencing. Holstein colostrum–derived EVs exhibited the most diverse miRNA profile with 421 identified miRNAs compared with 259 in mature milk–derived EVs. Jersey colostrum EVs had 198 miRNAs, whereas mature milk EVs had 282. Differential expression analysis revealed considerable miRNA differences between colostrum and mature milk, particularly in Holstein cows. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that miRNAs from colostrum EVs predominantly regulated immune-related pathways. Transcriptomic analysis of human colon cell line HT-29 treated with Holstein colostrum EVs confirmed the modulation of genes associated with immune responses. These findings indicate that colostrum-derived EVs, particularly from Holstein cows, play a pivotal role in immune regulation and could be potential candidates for therapeutic applications. http://www.ejast.org/archive/view_article?doi=10.5187/jast.2024.e84MicroRNAsExtracellular vesiclesHolsteinJerseyColostrumMature milk
spellingShingle Daye Mun
Sangdon Ryu
Dong-Hyun Lim
Sangnam Oh
Younghoon Kim
Comparative miRNome analysis of colostrum- and mature milk–derived extracellular vesicles from Holstein and Jersey cows
Journal of Animal Science and Technology
MicroRNAs
Extracellular vesicles
Holstein
Jersey
Colostrum
Mature milk
title Comparative miRNome analysis of colostrum- and mature milk–derived extracellular vesicles from Holstein and Jersey cows
title_full Comparative miRNome analysis of colostrum- and mature milk–derived extracellular vesicles from Holstein and Jersey cows
title_fullStr Comparative miRNome analysis of colostrum- and mature milk–derived extracellular vesicles from Holstein and Jersey cows
title_full_unstemmed Comparative miRNome analysis of colostrum- and mature milk–derived extracellular vesicles from Holstein and Jersey cows
title_short Comparative miRNome analysis of colostrum- and mature milk–derived extracellular vesicles from Holstein and Jersey cows
title_sort comparative mirnome analysis of colostrum and mature milk derived extracellular vesicles from holstein and jersey cows
topic MicroRNAs
Extracellular vesicles
Holstein
Jersey
Colostrum
Mature milk
url http://www.ejast.org/archive/view_article?doi=10.5187/jast.2024.e84
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AT donghyunlim comparativemirnomeanalysisofcolostrumandmaturemilkderivedextracellularvesiclesfromholsteinandjerseycows
AT sangnamoh comparativemirnomeanalysisofcolostrumandmaturemilkderivedextracellularvesiclesfromholsteinandjerseycows
AT younghoonkim comparativemirnomeanalysisofcolostrumandmaturemilkderivedextracellularvesiclesfromholsteinandjerseycows