Mutation of the Polygalacturonase Gene <i>AcoPG3</i> Deferred Softening of Pineapple Fruit
A large number of pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus</i>) fruits are discarded in China every year due to softening. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. <i>AcoPG3</i> (GenBank accession number: XM020243935), a pineapple gene of polygalacturonase, was found...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Haiyan Shu Aiping Luan You Wang Junhu He Qing Wei Rulin Zhan Shenghe Chang |
| author_facet | Haiyan Shu Aiping Luan You Wang Junhu He Qing Wei Rulin Zhan Shenghe Chang |
| author_sort | Haiyan Shu |
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| description | A large number of pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus</i>) fruits are discarded in China every year due to softening. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. <i>AcoPG3</i> (GenBank accession number: XM020243935), a pineapple gene of polygalacturonase, was found to be the major gene responsible for the softening of pineapple fruit. Fruit of <i>AcoPG3</i>-overexpressing tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> var. Jingfan 101) begins to soften 9 days earlier than that transformed with a net vector. Fruit of <i>AcoPG3</i>-overexpressing pineapple (APG3-2) begins to soften 6 days earlier than that transformed with a net vector. Fruit of MPG3-1, a pineapple line in which <i>AcoPG3</i> is mutated, begins to soften 31 days later than that transformed with a net vector. The sequence of polygalacturonase activities in fruit from the highest to the lowest was APG3-2, wild type, MPG3-1. The same sequences were also found in the liquid content of apoplast and the electrolyte leakage of pineapple pulp. The order of methyl-esterified pectin content in the pulp cell wall, from the highest to the lowest, was MPG3-1, wild type, and APG3-2. The same order was also observed for the contents of non-methyl-esterified homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I in the pulp cell wall. The <i>AcoPG3</i> mutation resulted in a decrease in polygalacturonase activity in pineapple fruit, decreasing the degradation of methyl-esterified pectin, non-methyl-esterified homogalacturonan, galactan and rhamnogalacturonan-I in the pulp cell wall. Fruit softening can be deferred, and the shelf life can be extended by mutating the <i>AcoPG3</i> gene. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6292987fb1ad43ec8c6f6e75815947df2025-08-20T03:14:40ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-04-0114547410.3390/biology14050474Mutation of the Polygalacturonase Gene <i>AcoPG3</i> Deferred Softening of Pineapple FruitHaiyan Shu0Aiping Luan1You Wang2Junhu He3Qing Wei4Rulin Zhan5Shenghe Chang6Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaA large number of pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus</i>) fruits are discarded in China every year due to softening. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. <i>AcoPG3</i> (GenBank accession number: XM020243935), a pineapple gene of polygalacturonase, was found to be the major gene responsible for the softening of pineapple fruit. Fruit of <i>AcoPG3</i>-overexpressing tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> var. Jingfan 101) begins to soften 9 days earlier than that transformed with a net vector. Fruit of <i>AcoPG3</i>-overexpressing pineapple (APG3-2) begins to soften 6 days earlier than that transformed with a net vector. Fruit of MPG3-1, a pineapple line in which <i>AcoPG3</i> is mutated, begins to soften 31 days later than that transformed with a net vector. The sequence of polygalacturonase activities in fruit from the highest to the lowest was APG3-2, wild type, MPG3-1. The same sequences were also found in the liquid content of apoplast and the electrolyte leakage of pineapple pulp. The order of methyl-esterified pectin content in the pulp cell wall, from the highest to the lowest, was MPG3-1, wild type, and APG3-2. The same order was also observed for the contents of non-methyl-esterified homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I in the pulp cell wall. The <i>AcoPG3</i> mutation resulted in a decrease in polygalacturonase activity in pineapple fruit, decreasing the degradation of methyl-esterified pectin, non-methyl-esterified homogalacturonan, galactan and rhamnogalacturonan-I in the pulp cell wall. Fruit softening can be deferred, and the shelf life can be extended by mutating the <i>AcoPG3</i> gene.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/5/474cell wallpectinshelf lifedegradationmutant |
| spellingShingle | Haiyan Shu Aiping Luan You Wang Junhu He Qing Wei Rulin Zhan Shenghe Chang Mutation of the Polygalacturonase Gene <i>AcoPG3</i> Deferred Softening of Pineapple Fruit Biology cell wall pectin shelf life degradation mutant |
| title | Mutation of the Polygalacturonase Gene <i>AcoPG3</i> Deferred Softening of Pineapple Fruit |
| title_full | Mutation of the Polygalacturonase Gene <i>AcoPG3</i> Deferred Softening of Pineapple Fruit |
| title_fullStr | Mutation of the Polygalacturonase Gene <i>AcoPG3</i> Deferred Softening of Pineapple Fruit |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mutation of the Polygalacturonase Gene <i>AcoPG3</i> Deferred Softening of Pineapple Fruit |
| title_short | Mutation of the Polygalacturonase Gene <i>AcoPG3</i> Deferred Softening of Pineapple Fruit |
| title_sort | mutation of the polygalacturonase gene i acopg3 i deferred softening of pineapple fruit |
| topic | cell wall pectin shelf life degradation mutant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/5/474 |
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