The Application of Terahertz Technology in Corneas and Corneal Diseases: A Systematic Review
Terahertz (THz) waves reside in the electromagnetic spectrum between the microwave and infrared bands. In recent decades, THz technology has demonstrated its potential for biomedical applications. With the highly unique characteristics of THz waves, such as the high sensitivity to water and optimal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/1/45 |
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| author | Bing Jie Chow Chang Liu Mingyi Yu Isabelle Xin Yu Lee Jodhbir S. Mehta Qing Yang Steve Wu Regina Wong Kay Ting Ke Lin Yu-Chi Liu |
| author_facet | Bing Jie Chow Chang Liu Mingyi Yu Isabelle Xin Yu Lee Jodhbir S. Mehta Qing Yang Steve Wu Regina Wong Kay Ting Ke Lin Yu-Chi Liu |
| author_sort | Bing Jie Chow |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Terahertz (THz) waves reside in the electromagnetic spectrum between the microwave and infrared bands. In recent decades, THz technology has demonstrated its potential for biomedical applications. With the highly unique characteristics of THz waves, such as the high sensitivity to water and optimal spatial resolution coupled with the characteristics of the human cornea, such as its high water content, THz technology has been explored as a potential modality to assess corneas and corneal diseases. This systematic review provides an overview of the characteristics of THz waves, the safety profile of THz technology in the field of ophthalmology, and its clinical applications, including the objective evaluation of the corneal hydration, tear film, dry eye disease, corneal endothelium, corneal elasticity, and scarring. The paper also presents our viewpoint on the present challenges and future directions of THz technology prior to its broader integration into clinical practice. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-62726572bcef4994a4b93b1f92fbd84e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-62726572bcef4994a4b93b1f92fbd84e2025-01-24T13:23:04ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542025-01-011214510.3390/bioengineering12010045The Application of Terahertz Technology in Corneas and Corneal Diseases: A Systematic ReviewBing Jie Chow0Chang Liu1Mingyi Yu2Isabelle Xin Yu Lee3Jodhbir S. Mehta4Qing Yang Steve Wu5Regina Wong Kay Ting6Ke Lin7Yu-Chi Liu8Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UKTissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, SingaporeTissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, SingaporeTissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, SingaporeTissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, SingaporeInstitute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138634, SingaporeTissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, SingaporeInstitute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138634, SingaporeTissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, SingaporeTerahertz (THz) waves reside in the electromagnetic spectrum between the microwave and infrared bands. In recent decades, THz technology has demonstrated its potential for biomedical applications. With the highly unique characteristics of THz waves, such as the high sensitivity to water and optimal spatial resolution coupled with the characteristics of the human cornea, such as its high water content, THz technology has been explored as a potential modality to assess corneas and corneal diseases. This systematic review provides an overview of the characteristics of THz waves, the safety profile of THz technology in the field of ophthalmology, and its clinical applications, including the objective evaluation of the corneal hydration, tear film, dry eye disease, corneal endothelium, corneal elasticity, and scarring. The paper also presents our viewpoint on the present challenges and future directions of THz technology prior to its broader integration into clinical practice.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/1/45terahertzcorneascorneal hydrationcorneal scarsdry eye |
| spellingShingle | Bing Jie Chow Chang Liu Mingyi Yu Isabelle Xin Yu Lee Jodhbir S. Mehta Qing Yang Steve Wu Regina Wong Kay Ting Ke Lin Yu-Chi Liu The Application of Terahertz Technology in Corneas and Corneal Diseases: A Systematic Review Bioengineering terahertz corneas corneal hydration corneal scars dry eye |
| title | The Application of Terahertz Technology in Corneas and Corneal Diseases: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | The Application of Terahertz Technology in Corneas and Corneal Diseases: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | The Application of Terahertz Technology in Corneas and Corneal Diseases: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Application of Terahertz Technology in Corneas and Corneal Diseases: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | The Application of Terahertz Technology in Corneas and Corneal Diseases: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | application of terahertz technology in corneas and corneal diseases a systematic review |
| topic | terahertz corneas corneal hydration corneal scars dry eye |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/1/45 |
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