Visual Cortical Processing in Children with Early Bilateral Cochlear Implants: A VEP Analysis

Background/Objectives: Cochlear implantation is the primary treatment for severe-to-profound hearing loss, yet outcomes vary significantly among recipients. While visual–auditory cross-modal reorganization has been identified as a contributing factor to this variability, its impact in early-implante...

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Main Authors: Ola Badarni-Zahalka, Ornella Dakwar-Kawar, Cahtia Adelman, Salma Khoury-Shoufani, Josef Attias
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Children
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/3/278
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author Ola Badarni-Zahalka
Ornella Dakwar-Kawar
Cahtia Adelman
Salma Khoury-Shoufani
Josef Attias
author_facet Ola Badarni-Zahalka
Ornella Dakwar-Kawar
Cahtia Adelman
Salma Khoury-Shoufani
Josef Attias
author_sort Ola Badarni-Zahalka
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: Cochlear implantation is the primary treatment for severe-to-profound hearing loss, yet outcomes vary significantly among recipients. While visual–auditory cross-modal reorganization has been identified as a contributing factor to this variability, its impact in early-implanted children remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated visual processing and its relationship with auditory outcomes in children who received early bilateral cochlear implants. Methods: To examine potential cross-modal reorganization, we recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in response to pattern-reversal stimuli in 25 children with cochlear implants (CIs) (mean implantation age: 1.44 years) and 28 age-matched normal-hearing (NH) controls. Analysis focused on both the occipital region of interest (ROI: O1, OZ, and O2 electrode sites) and right temporal ROI, examining VEP components and their correlation with speech perception outcomes. Results: Unlike previous studies in later-implanted children, the overall occipital ROI showed no significant differences between groups. However, the left occipital electrode (O1) revealed reduced P1 amplitudes and delayed N1 latencies in CI users. Importantly, O1 N1 latency negatively correlated with speech-in-noise performance (r = −0.318; <i>p</i> = 0.02). The right temporal region showed no significant differences in VEP N1 between groups and no correlation with speech performance in CI users. Conclusions: Early bilateral cochlear implantation appears to preserve global visual processing, suggesting minimal maladaptive reorganization. However, subtle alterations in left occipital visual processing may influence auditory outcomes, highlighting the importance of early intervention and the complex nature of sensory integration in this population.
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spelling doaj-art-620f6d1fa5af4a0194de89b850a626272025-08-20T02:42:40ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-02-0112327810.3390/children12030278Visual Cortical Processing in Children with Early Bilateral Cochlear Implants: A VEP AnalysisOla Badarni-Zahalka0Ornella Dakwar-Kawar1Cahtia Adelman2Salma Khoury-Shoufani3Josef Attias4Department of Communication, Sciences and Disorders, Haifa University, Haifa 3498838, IsraelSchool of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, IsraelSpeech & Hearing Department, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, IsraelSpeech & Hearing Department, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, IsraelDepartment of Communication, Sciences and Disorders, Haifa University, Haifa 3498838, IsraelBackground/Objectives: Cochlear implantation is the primary treatment for severe-to-profound hearing loss, yet outcomes vary significantly among recipients. While visual–auditory cross-modal reorganization has been identified as a contributing factor to this variability, its impact in early-implanted children remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated visual processing and its relationship with auditory outcomes in children who received early bilateral cochlear implants. Methods: To examine potential cross-modal reorganization, we recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in response to pattern-reversal stimuli in 25 children with cochlear implants (CIs) (mean implantation age: 1.44 years) and 28 age-matched normal-hearing (NH) controls. Analysis focused on both the occipital region of interest (ROI: O1, OZ, and O2 electrode sites) and right temporal ROI, examining VEP components and their correlation with speech perception outcomes. Results: Unlike previous studies in later-implanted children, the overall occipital ROI showed no significant differences between groups. However, the left occipital electrode (O1) revealed reduced P1 amplitudes and delayed N1 latencies in CI users. Importantly, O1 N1 latency negatively correlated with speech-in-noise performance (r = −0.318; <i>p</i> = 0.02). The right temporal region showed no significant differences in VEP N1 between groups and no correlation with speech performance in CI users. Conclusions: Early bilateral cochlear implantation appears to preserve global visual processing, suggesting minimal maladaptive reorganization. However, subtle alterations in left occipital visual processing may influence auditory outcomes, highlighting the importance of early intervention and the complex nature of sensory integration in this population.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/3/278cochlear implantsvisual evoked potentialscross-modal plasticityspeech perceptionearly intervention
spellingShingle Ola Badarni-Zahalka
Ornella Dakwar-Kawar
Cahtia Adelman
Salma Khoury-Shoufani
Josef Attias
Visual Cortical Processing in Children with Early Bilateral Cochlear Implants: A VEP Analysis
Children
cochlear implants
visual evoked potentials
cross-modal plasticity
speech perception
early intervention
title Visual Cortical Processing in Children with Early Bilateral Cochlear Implants: A VEP Analysis
title_full Visual Cortical Processing in Children with Early Bilateral Cochlear Implants: A VEP Analysis
title_fullStr Visual Cortical Processing in Children with Early Bilateral Cochlear Implants: A VEP Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Visual Cortical Processing in Children with Early Bilateral Cochlear Implants: A VEP Analysis
title_short Visual Cortical Processing in Children with Early Bilateral Cochlear Implants: A VEP Analysis
title_sort visual cortical processing in children with early bilateral cochlear implants a vep analysis
topic cochlear implants
visual evoked potentials
cross-modal plasticity
speech perception
early intervention
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/3/278
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AT salmakhouryshoufani visualcorticalprocessinginchildrenwithearlybilateralcochlearimplantsavepanalysis
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