Risk Factors for Tuberculosis
The risk of progression from exposure to the tuberculosis bacilli to the development of active disease is a two-stage process governed by both exogenous and endogenous risk factors. Exogenous factors play a key role in accentuating the progression from exposure to infection among which the bacillary...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Pulmonary Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/828939 |
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| _version_ | 1832551050125508608 |
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| author | Padmanesan Narasimhan James Wood Chandini Raina MacIntyre Dilip Mathai |
| author_facet | Padmanesan Narasimhan James Wood Chandini Raina MacIntyre Dilip Mathai |
| author_sort | Padmanesan Narasimhan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The risk of progression from exposure to the tuberculosis bacilli to the development of active disease is a two-stage process governed by both exogenous and endogenous risk factors. Exogenous factors play a key role in accentuating the progression from exposure to infection among which the bacillary load in the sputum and the proximity of an individual to an infectious TB case are key factors. Similarly endogenous factors lead in progression from infection to active TB disease. Along with well-established risk factors (such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malnutrition, and young age), emerging variables such as diabetes, indoor air pollution, alcohol, use of immunosuppressive drugs, and tobacco smoke play a significant role at both the individual and population level. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors are also shown to increase the susceptibility to infection. Specific groups such as health care workers and indigenous population are also at an increased risk of TB infection and disease. This paper summarizes these factors along with health system issues such as the effects of delay in diagnosis of TB in the transmission of the bacilli. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-620c6cf9c0534032a9a52472f7d93c9c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-1836 2090-1844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pulmonary Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-620c6cf9c0534032a9a52472f7d93c9c2025-02-03T06:05:11ZengWileyPulmonary Medicine2090-18362090-18442013-01-01201310.1155/2013/828939828939Risk Factors for TuberculosisPadmanesan Narasimhan0James Wood1Chandini Raina MacIntyre2Dilip Mathai3School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaInfectious Diseases Research and Training Centre, Department of Medicine-I and Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaThe risk of progression from exposure to the tuberculosis bacilli to the development of active disease is a two-stage process governed by both exogenous and endogenous risk factors. Exogenous factors play a key role in accentuating the progression from exposure to infection among which the bacillary load in the sputum and the proximity of an individual to an infectious TB case are key factors. Similarly endogenous factors lead in progression from infection to active TB disease. Along with well-established risk factors (such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malnutrition, and young age), emerging variables such as diabetes, indoor air pollution, alcohol, use of immunosuppressive drugs, and tobacco smoke play a significant role at both the individual and population level. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors are also shown to increase the susceptibility to infection. Specific groups such as health care workers and indigenous population are also at an increased risk of TB infection and disease. This paper summarizes these factors along with health system issues such as the effects of delay in diagnosis of TB in the transmission of the bacilli.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/828939 |
| spellingShingle | Padmanesan Narasimhan James Wood Chandini Raina MacIntyre Dilip Mathai Risk Factors for Tuberculosis Pulmonary Medicine |
| title | Risk Factors for Tuberculosis |
| title_full | Risk Factors for Tuberculosis |
| title_fullStr | Risk Factors for Tuberculosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Factors for Tuberculosis |
| title_short | Risk Factors for Tuberculosis |
| title_sort | risk factors for tuberculosis |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/828939 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT padmanesannarasimhan riskfactorsfortuberculosis AT jameswood riskfactorsfortuberculosis AT chandinirainamacintyre riskfactorsfortuberculosis AT dilipmathai riskfactorsfortuberculosis |