Enhancement of Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Through Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Expressing L-Gulonolactone Oxidase
Due to its lack of the L-gulonolactone oxidase (<i>GULO</i>) enzyme, Nile tilapia is unable to synthesize vitamin C; thus, it requires an adequate level of exogenous vitamin C in its diet. To enhance antioxidant properties and vitamin C-related effects, we employed recombinant technology...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Jirawadee Kaewda Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn Papungkorn Sangsawad Pimpisut Manassila Chatsirin Nakharuthai |
| author_facet | Jirawadee Kaewda Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn Papungkorn Sangsawad Pimpisut Manassila Chatsirin Nakharuthai |
| author_sort | Jirawadee Kaewda |
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| description | Due to its lack of the L-gulonolactone oxidase (<i>GULO</i>) enzyme, Nile tilapia is unable to synthesize vitamin C; thus, it requires an adequate level of exogenous vitamin C in its diet. To enhance antioxidant properties and vitamin C-related effects, we employed recombinant technology to integrate the <i>GULO</i>-encoding gene into the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> chromosome. In this study, fish were divided into four groups: those fed with a basal diet (CON), a basal diet + vitamin C (VC), a basal diet + wild-type <i>B. subtilis</i> (BS), and a basal diet + recombinant <i>B. subtilis</i> (BS+GULO). After 90 days of the feeding trial, the BS+GULO groups showed the highest improvements in final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain, and relative growth rate. The VC, BS, and BS+GULO groups exhibited increased total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity; however, only the VC and BS+GULO groups showed elevated alternative complement 50 levels, phagocytic activity and improved antioxidant parameters compared to the control. HPLC and qRT-PCR analyses revealed elevated serum vitamin C and intestinal <i>GULO</i> mRNA levels in the BS+GULO group. A challenge test showed increased pro-inflammatory gene expression and immune response against <i>S. agalactiae</i> in the BS+GULO group, indicating improved antagonistic activity over wild-type <i>B. subtilis</i>. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-61ff9d44f6294975b97d50e7e598469a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-61ff9d44f6294975b97d50e7e598469a2025-01-24T13:19:18ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-01-011415010.3390/antiox14010050Enhancement of Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Through Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Expressing L-Gulonolactone OxidaseJirawadee Kaewda0Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn1Papungkorn Sangsawad2Pimpisut Manassila3Chatsirin Nakharuthai4School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandDue to its lack of the L-gulonolactone oxidase (<i>GULO</i>) enzyme, Nile tilapia is unable to synthesize vitamin C; thus, it requires an adequate level of exogenous vitamin C in its diet. To enhance antioxidant properties and vitamin C-related effects, we employed recombinant technology to integrate the <i>GULO</i>-encoding gene into the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> chromosome. In this study, fish were divided into four groups: those fed with a basal diet (CON), a basal diet + vitamin C (VC), a basal diet + wild-type <i>B. subtilis</i> (BS), and a basal diet + recombinant <i>B. subtilis</i> (BS+GULO). After 90 days of the feeding trial, the BS+GULO groups showed the highest improvements in final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain, and relative growth rate. The VC, BS, and BS+GULO groups exhibited increased total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity; however, only the VC and BS+GULO groups showed elevated alternative complement 50 levels, phagocytic activity and improved antioxidant parameters compared to the control. HPLC and qRT-PCR analyses revealed elevated serum vitamin C and intestinal <i>GULO</i> mRNA levels in the BS+GULO group. A challenge test showed increased pro-inflammatory gene expression and immune response against <i>S. agalactiae</i> in the BS+GULO group, indicating improved antagonistic activity over wild-type <i>B. subtilis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/50L-gulonolactone oxidaseantioxidant<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>antagonistic activityNile tilapia<i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> |
| spellingShingle | Jirawadee Kaewda Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn Papungkorn Sangsawad Pimpisut Manassila Chatsirin Nakharuthai Enhancement of Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Through Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Expressing L-Gulonolactone Oxidase Antioxidants L-gulonolactone oxidase antioxidant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> antagonistic activity Nile tilapia <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> |
| title | Enhancement of Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Through Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Expressing L-Gulonolactone Oxidase |
| title_full | Enhancement of Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Through Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Expressing L-Gulonolactone Oxidase |
| title_fullStr | Enhancement of Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Through Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Expressing L-Gulonolactone Oxidase |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancement of Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Through Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Expressing L-Gulonolactone Oxidase |
| title_short | Enhancement of Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Through Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Expressing L-Gulonolactone Oxidase |
| title_sort | enhancement of growth antioxidant activity and immunity in nile tilapia i oreochromis niloticus i through recombinant i bacillus subtilis i expressing l gulonolactone oxidase |
| topic | L-gulonolactone oxidase antioxidant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> antagonistic activity Nile tilapia <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/50 |
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