Depth-Based Intervention Detection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using Vision Transformers

Depth cameras can provide an effective, noncontact, and privacy-preserving means to monitor patients in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Clinical interventions and routine care events can disrupt video-based patient monitoring. Automatically detecting these periods can decrease the time requ...

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Main Authors: Zein Hajj-Ali, Yasmina Souley Dosso, Kim Greenwood, JoAnn Harrold, James R. Green
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7753
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author Zein Hajj-Ali
Yasmina Souley Dosso
Kim Greenwood
JoAnn Harrold
James R. Green
author_facet Zein Hajj-Ali
Yasmina Souley Dosso
Kim Greenwood
JoAnn Harrold
James R. Green
author_sort Zein Hajj-Ali
collection DOAJ
description Depth cameras can provide an effective, noncontact, and privacy-preserving means to monitor patients in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Clinical interventions and routine care events can disrupt video-based patient monitoring. Automatically detecting these periods can decrease the time required for hand-annotating recordings, which is needed for system development. Moreover, the automatic detection can be used in the future for real-time or retrospective intervention event classification. An intervention detection method based solely on depth data was developed using a vision transformer (ViT) model utilizing real-world data from patients in the NICU. Multiple design parameters were investigated, including encoding of depth data and perspective transform to account for nonoptimal camera placement. The best-performing model utilized ∼85 M trainable parameters, leveraged both perspective transform and HHA (Horizontal disparity, Height above ground, and Angle with gravity) encoding, and achieved a sensitivity of 85.6%, a precision of 89.8%, and an F1-Score of 87.6%.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1424-8220
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-61f71e33873d4e26a47f3ed1398301b42024-12-13T16:32:39ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-012423775310.3390/s24237753Depth-Based Intervention Detection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using Vision TransformersZein Hajj-Ali0Yasmina Souley Dosso1Kim Greenwood2JoAnn Harrold3James R. Green4Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaSystems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaClinical Engineering, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, CanadaNeonatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, CanadaSystems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaDepth cameras can provide an effective, noncontact, and privacy-preserving means to monitor patients in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Clinical interventions and routine care events can disrupt video-based patient monitoring. Automatically detecting these periods can decrease the time required for hand-annotating recordings, which is needed for system development. Moreover, the automatic detection can be used in the future for real-time or retrospective intervention event classification. An intervention detection method based solely on depth data was developed using a vision transformer (ViT) model utilizing real-world data from patients in the NICU. Multiple design parameters were investigated, including encoding of depth data and perspective transform to account for nonoptimal camera placement. The best-performing model utilized ∼85 M trainable parameters, leveraged both perspective transform and HHA (Horizontal disparity, Height above ground, and Angle with gravity) encoding, and achieved a sensitivity of 85.6%, a precision of 89.8%, and an F1-Score of 87.6%.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7753depth cameraneonatal patient monitoringNICUtransformervision transformerViT
spellingShingle Zein Hajj-Ali
Yasmina Souley Dosso
Kim Greenwood
JoAnn Harrold
James R. Green
Depth-Based Intervention Detection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using Vision Transformers
Sensors
depth camera
neonatal patient monitoring
NICU
transformer
vision transformer
ViT
title Depth-Based Intervention Detection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using Vision Transformers
title_full Depth-Based Intervention Detection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using Vision Transformers
title_fullStr Depth-Based Intervention Detection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using Vision Transformers
title_full_unstemmed Depth-Based Intervention Detection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using Vision Transformers
title_short Depth-Based Intervention Detection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using Vision Transformers
title_sort depth based intervention detection in the neonatal intensive care unit using vision transformers
topic depth camera
neonatal patient monitoring
NICU
transformer
vision transformer
ViT
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7753
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AT joannharrold depthbasedinterventiondetectionintheneonatalintensivecareunitusingvisiontransformers
AT jamesrgreen depthbasedinterventiondetectionintheneonatalintensivecareunitusingvisiontransformers