Potential of Herbal Essential Oils as Denture Cleansers Against Biofilm Formation on Dental Acrylic Resin: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches

Commercial denture cleansers for biofilm removal in dental acrylic resin reduce gloss, alter surface hardness and roughness, and cause discoloration. The present study aims to investigate the effects of different essential oils, Rosmarinus officinalis (ROEO), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZEO), and Pelarg...

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Main Authors: Nurdan Polat Sağsöz, Leyla Güven, Bahri Gür, Mustafa Cengiz, Canan Vejselova Sezer, Figen Orhan, Özlem Barış
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Chemistry
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/joch/4595925
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author Nurdan Polat Sağsöz
Leyla Güven
Bahri Gür
Mustafa Cengiz
Canan Vejselova Sezer
Figen Orhan
Özlem Barış
author_facet Nurdan Polat Sağsöz
Leyla Güven
Bahri Gür
Mustafa Cengiz
Canan Vejselova Sezer
Figen Orhan
Özlem Barış
author_sort Nurdan Polat Sağsöz
collection DOAJ
description Commercial denture cleansers for biofilm removal in dental acrylic resin reduce gloss, alter surface hardness and roughness, and cause discoloration. The present study aims to investigate the effects of different essential oils, Rosmarinus officinalis (ROEO), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZEO), and Pelargonium graveolens (PGEO), on the preformed biofilm of Candida albicans in dental resin samples in vitro and in silico. The concentration of essential oils was evaluated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Sterile polymethyl methacrylate samples were treated with essential oils and a chemical denture cleaner tablet (DCT) to remove adhering C. albicans. The essential oil activity was analyzed via absorbance at 600 nm, with cytotoxicity assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In silico studies elucidated the molecular mechanism of the anticandidal effect. The anticandidal effect of CZEO was highest at a low concentration, while that of CZEO, PGEO, and ROEO at a high concentration was similar but higher than that of DCT. In NIH/3T3 cells, ROEO, CZEO, and PGEO showed cytotoxic effects at concentrations of 5, 1.25, and 2.5 μg/mL and higher, respectively, after 24 h. According to the in silico studies, secreted asparagine proteinase (SAP-2) inhibition was higher at a 2% concentration of CZEO. For PGEO and ROEO, higher SAP-2 inhibition was observed at a concentration of 5%. At a concentration of 2% and 5%, PGEO, CZEO, and ROEO effectively suppressed the activity of SAP-2 protein and inhibited the development of C. albicans biofilms on acrylic resin. The in silico study showed that the most effective inhibition can be attributed to the presence of carvacrol in CZEO.
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spelling doaj-art-61d6e2c173f64f229b786d0a115c8d022025-08-20T02:58:29ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90712025-01-01202510.1155/joch/4595925Potential of Herbal Essential Oils as Denture Cleansers Against Biofilm Formation on Dental Acrylic Resin: In Vitro and In Silico ApproachesNurdan Polat Sağsöz0Leyla Güven1Bahri Gür2Mustafa Cengiz3Canan Vejselova Sezer4Figen Orhan5Özlem Barış6Department of ProsthodonticsDepartment of Pharmaceutical BotanyDepartment of BiochemistryDepartment of Elementary EducationDepartment of BiologyVocational School of Health ServicesDepartment of BiologyCommercial denture cleansers for biofilm removal in dental acrylic resin reduce gloss, alter surface hardness and roughness, and cause discoloration. The present study aims to investigate the effects of different essential oils, Rosmarinus officinalis (ROEO), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZEO), and Pelargonium graveolens (PGEO), on the preformed biofilm of Candida albicans in dental resin samples in vitro and in silico. The concentration of essential oils was evaluated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Sterile polymethyl methacrylate samples were treated with essential oils and a chemical denture cleaner tablet (DCT) to remove adhering C. albicans. The essential oil activity was analyzed via absorbance at 600 nm, with cytotoxicity assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In silico studies elucidated the molecular mechanism of the anticandidal effect. The anticandidal effect of CZEO was highest at a low concentration, while that of CZEO, PGEO, and ROEO at a high concentration was similar but higher than that of DCT. In NIH/3T3 cells, ROEO, CZEO, and PGEO showed cytotoxic effects at concentrations of 5, 1.25, and 2.5 μg/mL and higher, respectively, after 24 h. According to the in silico studies, secreted asparagine proteinase (SAP-2) inhibition was higher at a 2% concentration of CZEO. For PGEO and ROEO, higher SAP-2 inhibition was observed at a concentration of 5%. At a concentration of 2% and 5%, PGEO, CZEO, and ROEO effectively suppressed the activity of SAP-2 protein and inhibited the development of C. albicans biofilms on acrylic resin. The in silico study showed that the most effective inhibition can be attributed to the presence of carvacrol in CZEO.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/joch/4595925
spellingShingle Nurdan Polat Sağsöz
Leyla Güven
Bahri Gür
Mustafa Cengiz
Canan Vejselova Sezer
Figen Orhan
Özlem Barış
Potential of Herbal Essential Oils as Denture Cleansers Against Biofilm Formation on Dental Acrylic Resin: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches
Journal of Chemistry
title Potential of Herbal Essential Oils as Denture Cleansers Against Biofilm Formation on Dental Acrylic Resin: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches
title_full Potential of Herbal Essential Oils as Denture Cleansers Against Biofilm Formation on Dental Acrylic Resin: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches
title_fullStr Potential of Herbal Essential Oils as Denture Cleansers Against Biofilm Formation on Dental Acrylic Resin: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches
title_full_unstemmed Potential of Herbal Essential Oils as Denture Cleansers Against Biofilm Formation on Dental Acrylic Resin: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches
title_short Potential of Herbal Essential Oils as Denture Cleansers Against Biofilm Formation on Dental Acrylic Resin: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches
title_sort potential of herbal essential oils as denture cleansers against biofilm formation on dental acrylic resin in vitro and in silico approaches
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/joch/4595925
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