Functional Skin Grafts: Where Biomaterials Meet Stem Cells
Skin tissue engineering has attained several clinical milestones making remarkable progress over the past decades. Skin is inhabited by a plethora of cells spatiotemporally arranged in a 3-dimensional (3D) matrix, creating a complex microenvironment of cell-matrix interactions. This complexity makes...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Stem Cells International |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1286054 |
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| author | Amtoj Kaur Swati Midha Shibashish Giri Sujata Mohanty |
| author_facet | Amtoj Kaur Swati Midha Shibashish Giri Sujata Mohanty |
| author_sort | Amtoj Kaur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Skin tissue engineering has attained several clinical milestones making remarkable progress over the past decades. Skin is inhabited by a plethora of cells spatiotemporally arranged in a 3-dimensional (3D) matrix, creating a complex microenvironment of cell-matrix interactions. This complexity makes it difficult to mimic the native skin structure using conventional tissue engineering approaches. With the advent of newer fabrication strategies, the field is evolving rapidly. However, there is still a long way before an artificial skin substitute can fully mimic the functions and anatomical hierarchy of native human skin. The current focus of skin tissue engineers is primarily to develop a 3D construct that maintains the functionality of cultured cells in a guided manner over a period of time. While several natural and synthetic biopolymers have been translated, only partial clinical success is attained so far. Key challenges include the hierarchical complexity of skin anatomy; compositional mismatch in terms of material properties (stiffness, roughness, wettability) and degradation rate; biological complications like varied cell numbers, cell types, matrix gradients in each layer, varied immune responses, and varied methods of fabrication. In addition, with newer biomaterials being adopted for fabricating patient-specific skin substitutes, issues related to escalating processing costs, scalability, and stability of the constructs under in vivo conditions have raised some concerns. This review provides an overview of the field of skin regenerative medicine, existing clinical therapies, and limitations of the current techniques. We have further elaborated on the upcoming tissue engineering strategies that may serve as promising alternatives for generating functional skin substitutes, the pros and cons associated with each technique, and scope of their translational potential in the treatment of chronic skin ailments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-61d033710e0241f7967b3a07ddeee27c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-966X 1687-9678 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stem Cells International |
| spelling | doaj-art-61d033710e0241f7967b3a07ddeee27c2025-02-03T06:00:53ZengWileyStem Cells International1687-966X1687-96782019-01-01201910.1155/2019/12860541286054Functional Skin Grafts: Where Biomaterials Meet Stem CellsAmtoj Kaur0Swati Midha1Shibashish Giri2Sujata Mohanty3Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IndiaStem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyStem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IndiaSkin tissue engineering has attained several clinical milestones making remarkable progress over the past decades. Skin is inhabited by a plethora of cells spatiotemporally arranged in a 3-dimensional (3D) matrix, creating a complex microenvironment of cell-matrix interactions. This complexity makes it difficult to mimic the native skin structure using conventional tissue engineering approaches. With the advent of newer fabrication strategies, the field is evolving rapidly. However, there is still a long way before an artificial skin substitute can fully mimic the functions and anatomical hierarchy of native human skin. The current focus of skin tissue engineers is primarily to develop a 3D construct that maintains the functionality of cultured cells in a guided manner over a period of time. While several natural and synthetic biopolymers have been translated, only partial clinical success is attained so far. Key challenges include the hierarchical complexity of skin anatomy; compositional mismatch in terms of material properties (stiffness, roughness, wettability) and degradation rate; biological complications like varied cell numbers, cell types, matrix gradients in each layer, varied immune responses, and varied methods of fabrication. In addition, with newer biomaterials being adopted for fabricating patient-specific skin substitutes, issues related to escalating processing costs, scalability, and stability of the constructs under in vivo conditions have raised some concerns. This review provides an overview of the field of skin regenerative medicine, existing clinical therapies, and limitations of the current techniques. We have further elaborated on the upcoming tissue engineering strategies that may serve as promising alternatives for generating functional skin substitutes, the pros and cons associated with each technique, and scope of their translational potential in the treatment of chronic skin ailments.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1286054 |
| spellingShingle | Amtoj Kaur Swati Midha Shibashish Giri Sujata Mohanty Functional Skin Grafts: Where Biomaterials Meet Stem Cells Stem Cells International |
| title | Functional Skin Grafts: Where Biomaterials Meet Stem Cells |
| title_full | Functional Skin Grafts: Where Biomaterials Meet Stem Cells |
| title_fullStr | Functional Skin Grafts: Where Biomaterials Meet Stem Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Skin Grafts: Where Biomaterials Meet Stem Cells |
| title_short | Functional Skin Grafts: Where Biomaterials Meet Stem Cells |
| title_sort | functional skin grafts where biomaterials meet stem cells |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1286054 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT amtojkaur functionalskingraftswherebiomaterialsmeetstemcells AT swatimidha functionalskingraftswherebiomaterialsmeetstemcells AT shibashishgiri functionalskingraftswherebiomaterialsmeetstemcells AT sujatamohanty functionalskingraftswherebiomaterialsmeetstemcells |